Comprehensive Sports Guide: Rules, Conditioning & Equipment

Athletic mastery depends on understanding official gameplay rules, optimizing equipment technology, and implementing sport-specific conditioning drills.

Woman swimming underwater

Swimming After Childbirth

Swimming after childbirth helps you lose weight and restore muscle tone. It also boosts your strength and energy, which may be sapped after your pregnancy and delivery. Swimming is particularly beneficial because it works your upper and lower body and your core.

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Red Card Rules in High School Soccer

Yellow and red cards are part of the disciplinary system in soccer games at all levels. The yellow card is given for minor offenses and deemed a first warning. The red card is given for more serious incidents or for repeatedly bad behavior.

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High angle view of a girl's soccer team in a huddle

When Is High School Soccer Season?

High school districts throughout the country are free to set soccer season at their discretion, typically in line with state high school athletic associations. Traditionally, though, soccer is a fall sport for both boys and girls, although certain states move girls’ soccer to spring.

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beach volleyball silhouette

Illegal Types of Hits in Volleyball

In volleyball, a team of six players works together to return the ball to the opposing team’s side of the net in three hits or fewer. Players may contact the ball with any part of the body during a hit, but if they violate other rules about playing the ball, they risk losing points for their team.

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Hands on bicycle's handlebars

How to Shift a Shimano SIS Bike

If you've purchased a bike with a Shimano SIS shift system -- which stands for Shimano Indexing System -- you may find yourself confused as to how the shifts work. The system features a large and small shift lever mounted on the left and right handlebars and comes in both 7-speed and 10-speed.

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Mixed Football team celebrating goal at goal mouth, surface view

The Number of Players on the Field in a Soccer Game

During a soccer match, the number of offensive and defensive players on the field varies depending on the age of the players. While adults play with the standard number per team, the US Youth Soccer recommends that children younger than age 12 play "small-sided games"

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Girl doing handstand

How to Begin Gymnastics If You Are 15

Carly Patterson was 16 years old when she won the all-around for women’s artistic gymnastics at the 2004 Athens Olympics. Paul Hamm was 21 when he won the all-around for men’s artistic gymnastics in Athens. Elite gymnasts begin the sport at very young ages because their bodies peak so early.

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Which Gloves to Use on a Heavy Bag

The purpose of bag gloves is to protect the hands during hard workouts on a heavy bag. A variety of bag gloves are available. Each protect the hand in a different way. They range from simple covers that protect against scuffs to specially engineered gloves that support the structure of the hand and wrist.

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Soccer goalie lunging and catching ball

The Strengths & Weaknesses of Soccer Players

The position at which a soccer player becomes a specialist can often be determined by his physical height and stature. However, this is not always the case. A player who is strong and powerful will have different strengths and weaknesses compared to a player shorter in stature but also fast and nimble on his feet.

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Portrait of a group of cheerleaders

Basic Step-by-Step for Cheerleading Routines

Cheerleading is an effective way to stay in shape and show team spirit. It requires dedication, skill, technique, strength and flexibility, according to former national all-star cheerleader Leslie Wilson in her book. “The Ultimate Guide to Cheerleading.

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Knee pain, physical injury painful leg

Can You Play Football With a Torn Meniscus?

Meniscus is cartilage that cushions your knee as it moves in multiple directions. It protects your knee in sports like football where you move forward, backward, laterally and on a diagonal. But when you tear your meniscus you lose this cushioning.

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How Much Air Pressure Is in a Regulation Size Soccer Ball?

The game of soccer is governed primarily by rules from the Federacion Internationale de Football Association, or FIFA. One of those areas governed by FIFA is the quality of the ball used in competition. Air pressure of the soccer ball is one of those topics covered in the laws of the game.

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Gorgeous woman enjoying a back massage

What Can I do About Sore Muscles after Running a Marathon

After running a marathon, you may feel like celebrating — but your muscles may put you out of commission. Even if you've trained and prepared for running a long distance, your muscles may feel sore. Muscle soreness is completely normal, and may start a day or two after running.

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Rear MTB cassette with chain

How to Use Gears on an 18 Speed Bicycle

18 speeds is a common drivetrain configuration for modern bicycles, with options for a double chainring paired with a 9-gear cassette or a triple chainring with a 6-gear cassette.

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Triathlon

The Top 10 Toughest Triathlons

The distance of a triathlon is not necessarily the only factor in determining its toughness. The environment often plays a more important role. An ultradistance triathlon, of which the Ironman is the most recognized brand, includes a 2.4-mile swim, a 112-mile bike ride and a 26.

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Man javelin throw

Physics of Javelin Throwing

Throwing a javelin involves strength, speed and technique. If a thrower is deficient in one of these aspects, she can still be competitive. However, to be an elite javelin thrower, an athlete must be strong and quick, and have tremendous technique and knowledge on how a javelin flies.

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Tossing the Fooball

Solo Football Practice

Whether you are gearing up for the beginning of the season or prepping for the big game against your rivals, football drills are often used to prepare the mind and body for the game. Since football is such an interactive game, practice drills generally involve the whole team or several players working together.

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5 Types of Swimming Styles

Swimmers should learn as many different swimming techniques as possible, since each of them will put your body in a different position and will use different muscles.

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