Comprehensive Sports Guide: Rules, Conditioning & Equipment

Athletic mastery depends on understanding official gameplay rules, optimizing equipment technology, and implementing sport-specific conditioning drills.

Pretty young girl doing yoga exercises

The Effects of Gymnastics on Children's Growth

The intense workouts associated with competitive gymnastics provide a great source of physical exercise and encourage disciple as well as time-management skills. Gymnastics can be very demanding on competitive athletes, however, and several studies indicate that this sport can impact your child’s growth.

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Legal & Illegal Hits in Volleyball

The basic rules of volleyball are well-known in terms of legal and illegal hits. However, there are special situations that have led to the creation of new rules to define what is and is not an acceptable hit.

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Man streaching by the pool

How to Cool Down After Swimming

Sometimes the best part of a workout is winding down afterward. Warming up slowly when you get in the pool lets you ease into an intense workout, and cooling down lets you ease back out. During moderate aerobic exercise, your heart pumps faster and your circulation increases.

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Portrait of goalie boy (12-13) standing in goal post, smiling

Fitness Drills for Soccer Goalkeepers

Your goalkeeper needs a substantially different approach to training than your field players. The fitness demands of a goalkeeper compared to those of a field player are like “comparing a sprinter to a distance runner in track and field,” writes coach Debra LaPrath in “Coaching Girls Soccer Successfully.

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I need a rest and a bottle of water

Are Gatorade and Powerade Healthy for Athletes?

Gatorade and Powerade are the number one and number two sports drinks in America, respectively. Both brands have different flavors and lines. Gatorade has a line of three “performance” drinks for before, during and after exercise. Powerade offers ION4 and the ZERO calories series.

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College Football Tackle

A Short Summary on Football

While football traces its origins to rugby and soccer, the unique history of American football has resulted in a game that substantially differs from its predecessors. As such, even those who are familiar with rugby and soccer might find football difficult to follow.

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What Is Tempo in Cycling?

Cyclists train in many different ways depending on their goals, time restraints and fitness levels. Often this training consists of riding in certain predefined zones that a rider measures based on a power meter, heart rate monitor or perceived exertion.

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Teenage girls and boy play together volleyball

Difference Between Soccer & Volleyball

Soccer and volleyball are sports that can be played both indoors and outdoors with teams of either men or women. But that's about where the similarities between the two end.

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First Person One Handed Bike Ride

My Hands Go Numb When I Ride My Bike

The loss of sensation in your hands while riding a bike is not necessarily an indication of an illness. Even a healthy bicyclist can experience this problem. For most people, the cause is the positioning of your hands or posture while riding.

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Rear MTB cassette with chain

How Does a 21-Speed Bike Work?

A multispeed bike allows you to comfortably ride at different speeds across varying terrain. Each speed on a bike refers to a different combination of gears. By changing the combination of these gears, you can make it more or less difficult to pedal.

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Fit swimmer doing the butterfly stroke in the swimming pool

Arm & Leg Movements in Swimming

Swimming requires your arms and legs to remain in motion in order to stay afloat and propel yourself backward or forward. There are four fundamental strokes in swimming, all of which use the arms in a different manner. The legs, for the most part, perform the same action when swimming.

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Getting in Shape for College Soccer

Getting in shape for college soccer is a year-round process and a daily commitment. After your high school or U-18 club team finishes its season, and following one to two weeks of rest, you’ll want to begin preparations.

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Male sprinters leaving starting blocks

Techniques for Running 800 Meters

The 800-meter run -- about 4.6 meters shy of a half-mile -- is one of track and field's middle-distance events. It requires a unique blend of pure speed and endurance.

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Football game

What Are the Differences in Football & Basketball?

According to a 2011 Harris Interactive Poll, football is the most popular sport in the United States, with basketball checking in at third. However, the similarities between the two sports end there, as the two have little in common besides being two of the most popular team sports.

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Blurred children playing soccer, retro tonedr

U8 Soccer Drills

Most young soccer players 8 years old and under are still learning how their bodies move and are still developing their motor skills. Learning how to dribble, pass and shoot the ball can be challenging and frustrating to some players.

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Woman at starting line

Does Running Long Distances Slow Down Sprinters

Metaphorically, whether running long distances might slow down sprinters can be compared to entering the same car in an endurance race and a drag race. The two types of racing require different engine setups and gearing. Long-distance running and sprinting require a different type of human engine and gearing as well.

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Woman with calculator and laptop

How to Convert Pedometer Steps to Kilometers

Your pedometer is a helpful tool for increasing your physical activity. Wearing your pedometer daily will motivate you to increase the number of steps you take. You may find yourself parking further away from the entrance to stores in order to reach your daily steps goal.

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Group Training with Medicine Ball

The Best Arm Exercises for Volleyball

The most effective volleyball players have a powerful arm swing, hitting the ball with more force and gaining greater thrust on jumps. During the course of a game, you use your arms to serve, set, hit, spike and block -- fundamental maneuvers for successful play.

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Father and son playing basketball

Importance of Playing Basketball

For many people, playing basketball is a fun and effective form of exercise. While other vigorous aerobic activities offer some of the same benefits, the additional advantages basketball offers makes it an enjoyable and even important part of their lifestyles.

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How to Prevent a Sore Tailbone When Cycling

If a long bike ride is quite literally a pain in the rear, your bike seat may be to blame. Excess pressure on the tailbone, which is usually caused by a lack of support or poor distribution of weight, can leave you with a sore coccyx after a ride.

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