Comprehensive Sports Guide: Rules, Conditioning & Equipment

Athletic mastery depends on understanding official gameplay rules, optimizing equipment technology, and implementing sport-specific conditioning drills.

Feet of runners on starting blocks

Recovery for Tired Legs From Running

Running hard undoubtedly comes with rewards, including increased muscular strength in the legs and improved stamina and endurance. Continually training hard without rest, though can lead to fatigue, illness and poor performance.

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Woman Lifting Weights

Hammer Curls vs. Barbell Curls

Hammer curls and barbell curls recruit the same collection of muscles. However, they differ slightly in technique and the weighted implements that are to be used. Because of the technique differences, three muscles involved in the exercise are recruited slightly differently in the two exercises.

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Urban rider

Does a Bike Work Your Calves?

If you've ever noticed the chiseled legs of pro cyclists, you have some idea of the impact biking has on leg musculature. A regular biking routine, whether on roads, mountain trails or inside your local gym, can help you tone and strengthen your calf muscles.

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Men playing beach volleyball

How Do Playing Sports Affect Us Mentally?

Sports condition both your body and your mind. Apart from the obvious physical prowess required to participate in any sport; you need the mental discipline to maintain your focus. And like any form of exercise, you’ll benefit from the release of neurotransmitters like endorphins that elevate your mood.

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Male swimmers racing in pool, underwater view

Does Swimming Help You Get Skinny?

A cardiovascular activity, swimming works every major muscle group in the body and strengthens your heart and lungs. As with most cardiovascular exercises, you can perform it at least three times weekly to build stamina, tone muscles and lose weight.

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kids  soccer

What Is the Role of Sports in Socialization?

Socialization is “the process by which a human being beginning at infancy acquires the habits, beliefs, and accumulated knowledge of society through education and training for adult status,” according to Merriam-Webster.

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kids soccer

How Do Sports Teach Discipline?

The link between positive mental attributes and sport has been part of human culture since the earliest civilizations, as evidenced in poetry and art from ancient Greece, early historical records from China and biblical texts.

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Woman hitting punching bag

Tips on the Proper Height for a Heavy Punching Bag

A heavy bag hung at the optimal height responds to punches similar to an actual opponent, providing valuable feedback during practice. Because the heavy bag is an important tool for learning correct technique, it is essential to hang it so that it responds consistently to a correct punch.

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Golf Drills to Stop Flipping Your Wrists

Flipping your wrists through the impact area in your golf swing produces inconsistent contact and leads to fat shots, thin shots and high, weak hits. Essentially, flipping means your lead wrist -- the left wrist for right-handed golfers -- breaks down, allowing the clubhead to pass your hands before impact.

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Man Snow Skiing Against Blue Sky

Numb Feet While Skiing

Keeping extremities warm during a day on the slopes can be a major hurdle for skiers and snowboarders. Because skiing involves high altitude, snow and speed, keeping your feet and toes warm requires proper equipment and apparel.

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The Training That It Takes to Be a Gymnast

The sport of gymnastics demands great flexibility, agility and strength. The skills typically require many years to master. To reach the upper echelon of men's and women's gymnastics -- regional, collegiate, national and international competition -- athletes must train year-round.

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How to Ride a Bike to Strengthen Knees

The knee is the largest joint in the body and also the most susceptible to injuries. Included in the knee is the lower end of the thighbone, the upper end of the tibia, the kneecap and several large ligaments, all of which help the joint stabilize and absorb shock.

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Soccer ball on grass

What Is the Number Nine Position in Soccer?

Soccer requires its players to make individual plays and work within the concept of the team. When players take the field, they know which position their coaches are assigning them to play. Soccer uses a numbering system for its positions.

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two cyclists relax biking

What Causes Glute Pain When Cycling?

Cycling, like any athletic activity, requires a certain tolerance for discomfort. As the saying goes, "No pain, no gain!" But it's important to distinguish between the soreness that comes from normal or extreme exertion and the pain that signals injury.

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Girl in pink rubber hat

Children With Ear Tubes and Swimming

Even though ear tubes reduce the risk of ear infection under general circumstances, a child with ear tubes in place faces a greater risk of infection if she goes swimming.

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Good Sports for Young Girls

Exercise is essential for all children, but girls get special benefits from playing sports. According to Kids Health, girls who play sports do better in school and are less likely to smoke or get breast cancer later in life than girls who don’t participate.

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Women golfing

Golf Tips to Stop Lunging Forward on a Downswing

Just about every golfer wants to hit the ball farther. Unfortunately, you might be confusing hitting the ball far with swinging hard at the ball, a mistake that can cause you to lunge at the ball with your upper body on the downswing.

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Football player in white kicking

My Toes Get Bruised When Playing Soccer

Bruised toes aren't pretty, but they are common among soccer players. They can happen when other players step on their feet, or if there's too much pressure on the toes. If your goal is to avoid the bruised toe dilemma, your first step is a basic precautionary move involving your footgear.

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