Comprehensive Sports Guide: Rules, Conditioning & Equipment

Athletic mastery depends on understanding official gameplay rules, optimizing equipment technology, and implementing sport-specific conditioning drills.

Wrestler landing

High School Wrestling Weight Class Rules

To avoid mismatches, and for obvious safety reasons, amateur wrestlers only face competitors of comparable sizes. As a result, wrestling organizations set strict weight-measurement rules to ensure heavier wrestlers don’t sneak through to face lighter opponents.

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a hunky asian basketball player

Exercises for Basketball Abs

To build basketball abs you need to train the abs in the same way basketball players use them. With these exercises, you'll build athletic basketball abs.

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Baseball player throws a ball with strength

How to Care for Sore Biceps & Triceps From Throwing a Baseball

Former Detroit Tigers pitcher Elden Auker told the "New York Times" in 2006 that pitchers get sore arms because they "don't throw enough." Doctors seeing an influx of overuse injuries might disagree that the cure to a sore throwing arm is throwing more.

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Girl doing gymnastics

Gymnastics Drills for Beginners

Gymnastics requires a great deal of strength, balance, coordination, agility and body awareness to perform the various moves and avoid injury. Beginners will greatly benefit from certain gymnastics drills that help to improve all areas of fitness, as well as get their bodies ready for more advanced moves.

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Hand  of boxer and punching bag over black background

How to Measure Force on a Punching Bag

The force of an object is a product of that object's acceleration and mass. English physicist Isaac Newton introduced this fundamental identity of classical mechanics with his second law of motion, F = ma. F represents force; m represents mass; and the variable a represents acceleration.

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Boys and softball coach with hands together in huddle

Do Sports Help Improve Leadership Skills?

Playing sports provides participants with opportunities to develop skills in communication and team building, according to Keith Zullig, a public health researcher. These skills enable people to function effectively as leaders, as well.

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Hockey players with coach in locker room, smiling

The Theories of Motivation in Sports

Athletes participate in sports for various reasons, from a hunger for physical activity and competition to the joy of belonging to a team. Coaches can improve the team's performance by finding the right motivation for each situation and player.

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Muscular man skipping rope

Defensive Line Off-Season Workouts

Playing defensive line on a football team requires a mixture of strength, agility and speed, and each can be developed and improved with off-season workouts. An effective off-season workout routine should provide you with a combination of strength building, muscular endurance and cardiovascular training activities.

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Close-up of soccer players feet and ball

How to Keep From Getting Blisters While Playing Soccer

Soccer entails a combination of jogs, sprints, stops and pivots. When cleats aren't correctly sized or properly broken in, painful blisters can result, especially on the backs of heels and the soles of the feet. The best way to avoid blisters is to prevent the common causes of them.

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Close up skier ski shoes and snow

How to Get Rid of Sore Legs From Skiing

Delayed onset muscle soreness, or DOMS, is caused by microscopic tears to your muscle fibers after intense physical activity that result in inflammation of the muscles. The pain is most noticeable the day after skiing.

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Group of children playing in water

Fever after Swimming

Bacterial, viral, algal and protozoan infections are common after exposure to contaminated water. Swimming in ponds, lakes and oceans that are near developed areas may increase your risk of exposure to waste-water contamination if the areas have inadequate or overburdened sewage or waste-water treatment facilities.

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How to Blow Up a Basketball Without a Pump

Not everyone who owns a basketball keeps an air pump of some type on hand. Possibly this is because basketballs tend to maintain inflation for long periods of time. Then, one day you retrieve the ball from a closet only to find it needs air.

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American Football

What Is a Nose Guard in Football?

The nose guard -- also called the nose tackle -- is a key position on the defensive line. In a 3-4 defensive setup, the nose guard is situated in the middle of the defensive line and his primary area of responsibility is to disrupt the opponent's interior running game.

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What Do I Need to Be Able to Do for Cheerleading Tryouts?

Before you backflip your way down the football field before the big game, you have to land that coveted spot on your high school's cheerleading team. Although every school's tryout expectations vary, there are some cheer and tumbling staples you can expect at any tryout.

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