Comprehensive Sports Guide: Rules, Conditioning & Equipment

Athletic mastery depends on understanding official gameplay rules, optimizing equipment technology, and implementing sport-specific conditioning drills.

Happy couple with bicycles

The Advantages of Small Wheels on a Bicycle

When it comes to cycling, bigger isn't always better. While smaller wheels on an adult bike might look odd, they come with a number of advantages, especially for smaller riders. But even tall cyclists can benefit from wheels with a diameter of 24 inches or less, depending on their preferred style of biking.

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Basketball Rules on Assists

In basketball, you do not have to actually make the basket to be credited statistically. The player who passes the ball to a player prior to a successful shot is rewarded with an assist. There are slight variations in the wording of the college (NCAA) and professional (NBA) rules as to what constitutes an assist.

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Young basketball player with ball

Basketball Inbound Rules

With so much movement, it's not unusual for a basketball to soar out of bounds. When that happens, or after a made basket, the offensive team has to throw the ball back in to resume game play. The game has several rules to make that play fair for both sides.

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Portrait of young woman holding a basketball, photographed from a low perspective

Basketball Rules for Carrying

Basketball players maneuver around the court while dribbling, a skill for which you repeatedly bounce the ball with one hand while walking, running or standing still. Rules govern how to properly dribble, specifically where your hand contacts the ball.

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Batter Hitting Baseball

How to Calculate Fastball Reaction Time

If you play baseball or fast pitch softball, you are all too familiar with the difficulty of hitting a well thrown fastball. It takes less than a half second for a fastball to travel from the pitcher’s hand to home plate. That is all the time you have to react to the pitch.

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Mid section view of a senior woman playing tennis

The Best Tennis Rackets for Beginners

Novice tennis players should choose a racket that makes learning the game of tennis easier and more enjoyable. Racket manufacturers refer to these types of rackets as "game improvement" rackets. Generally speaking, they are lightweight, they have an oversize head and they tend to have a medium-to-stiff flex.

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Misunderstood Basketball Rules

It happens in nearly every game. One team's coach wants a traveling call, and the other coach wants a foul—but the referees don’t call anything.

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Golf clubs against white background

List of Different Types of Golf Clubs & Their Uses

Most golf clubs are designed for specific types of shots, although a few have multiple uses. The main differences between the various clubs in your bag are the size and shape of their heads, the length of the shaft and the loft, which is the angle of the club face that primarily determines the height of the shot.

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Professional sprinter jumping over a hurdle

Rules for Track Hurdles

Athletes who compete in hurdle races need a sprinter’s speed as well as the technical ability to clear the hurdles. Runners typically take seven to eight strides before hurdle one, then use a three-stride pattern between the rest, according to Brian Mac, performance coach for UK Athletics.

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10 Finger Grip Problems in Golf

The 10-finger golf grip, also called the baseball grip, can be a good choice for children and for adults with arthritis or other hand ailments.

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Volleyball

Volleyball Setter Rules

Volleyball setters use their hands to hit the ball and put it in good position for the hitter or attacker to spike it into the opponent’s court. Setting requires specialized training and practice.

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Skiing

The Best Leg Exercises for Skiing

Skiing requires strength and agility in your lower body. By strengthening your legs and knees before ski season begins, you will build stamina on the course and reduce your risk of knee injury, one of the most common lower body injuries in skiing.

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Figure Skates Vs. Hockey Skates

Figure skates and hockey skates differ from one another in several ways, including the shape and features of the blade and the composition of the boot. These differences adapt each skate to its particular sport. Understanding the differences can help recreational skaters decide which type of skate is right for them.

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Javelin Throw Foul Rules

To throw the javelin as far as possible, many athletes complete a run-up phase before withdrawing the javelin behind their body to complete crossovers. The final step to the javelin throw is to plant your foot opposite your throwing arm.

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Pole Vaulter

Exercises for Pole Vaulting

A combination of gymnastics, weightlifting, sprinting, and jumping, pole vaulting is one of the most technically demanding events in athletics. Pole vaulters must be fast, powerful, strong, agile, and brave to succeed in this challenging and sometimes dangerous sport.

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Mother and son in swimming pool

Activities for Infant Swim Lessons

Infant swimming lessons help your child get comfortable in the water. The lessons also provide a sensory activity and help the young participants practice their physical development skills.

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Fencing-Play

Three Types of Swords in Fencing

Modern fencing is a sport in which opponents battle each other with swords. There are three primary forms of fencing, each centered on the type of weapon being used. These weapons are the foil, the epee and the saber. Often referred to as "physical chess,"

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Triathlon training

Calories Burned Biking One Mile

Bicycling is an effective way to burn calories and improve overall fitness. Learn how many calories you can burn while biking one mile, depending on your speed and weight, and discover the benefits of making cycling a part of your exercise routine.

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Boxing couch holding the punching bag and training a female student

Boxing Training Ideas

Boxing itself and training for boxing can get you in great shape -- boxers are among the fittest of all athletes. Success in boxing requires strength, muscular endurance, aerobic and anaerobic fitness, power, courage -- and plenty of heart.

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Soccer ball and cleats in corner of soccer pitch, elevated view

How Do Soccer Cleats Fit?

The way your soccer cleats fit can affect the way you kick and run the field. Soccer cleats fit differently than your regular shoes -- your normal shoe size won't necessarily be the same for soccer cleats.

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