Human Body Anatomy: Integrated Systems & Physiological Health

In the human body, health is maintained through the interconnectedness of organ systems, proper posture, and stable biochemical metabolism.

Creatinine test

Normal Creatinine Levels in Urine

Creatinine comes from your body's everyday use of your muscles -- and also from eating meat. As blood flows through the kidneys, creatinine is excreted out into your urine along with other waste products.

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Man being carried by friends in park

What Is the Average Adult Male Height and Weight?

While your weight can be a reflection of your current state of health, your height usually isn't. According to "Scientific American," 20 to 40 percent of your height is determined by environmental factors like nutrition, but 60 to 80 percent is determined by genetics.

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Runner in a forest

Body Systems & How They Work Together

New discoveries about how the body's systems function and work together continue to emerge almost daily. However, a very basic and fundamental understanding of the body's integrated working parts and organ systems has been in place for centuries.

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Woman Checking Blood Sugar Level

What Is the Average Blood Sugar Level?

Blood sugar, or glucose, serves as the fuel your body uses to generate energy. The level of glucose in your blood remains fairly stable, slightly rising after eating and declining a small amount between meals or after exercising. Blood glucose can be measured in many ways.

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Hormones of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system is primarily regulated by five hormones including estrogen, progesterone, gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. These hormones play a role in one or more stages of development and function of the female reproductive system.

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Redhead woman looking at her reflection in mirror

What Causes Red Splotches on Facial Skin?

Red, blotchy facial skin is unsightly and can be uncomfortable, depending on the cause of the blotches. When blotches suddenly appear on your face, an allergic reaction or skin condition may be to blame. Your doctor can prescribe an appropriate treatment to clear up red skin blotches and ease any accompanying itching.

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Pouring water into a glass

What Are the Effects of Water Intake on the Human Body?

You've probably often heard the guideline that you should drink at least eight 8-oz. glasses of water each day. Everyone knows that water is necessary for life and good health, but the actual effects of water on the human body may not be so clear.

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Three Women Sit Cross-legged on the Floor of a Gym With Their Arms Raised for a Yoga Exercise

The Advantages of Good Posture

Posture is the position you maintain while standing, sitting or lying down. You have good posture when your position creates the least amount of strain on supporting muscles and ligaments when you move or perform weight-bearing activity.

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Can Gold Be Harmful to the Human Body?

Gold is more than just an expensive yellow metal. It has been exploited by physicians for decades to treat rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and a variety of other disorders.

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Halibut with greens

Foods That Reduce Gas and Bloating

If you feel bloated and gassy regularly, you’re not alone -- 10 to 20 percent of adults complain of gas in the form of belching or flatulence, and it’s normal to emit flatus 12 to 25 per times day, according to Brigham and Women’s Hospital.

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Parts of the Brain Involved in Memory

Memory is a complex function that involves multiple steps, starting with the input of the stimulus to the brain and ending with independent memory retrieval.

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Small Bumps Behind the Ears

Discovering a new lump or bump on your skin can be frightening. When located behind the ear, those bumps could be anything from an infection, such as mastoiditis, to an allergic reaction, such as dermatitis. Only your doctor can diagnose you properly and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

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Woman complaining  to doctor about stomachache

Symptoms of Potassium Overdose

A certain amount of potassium is required by all cells, but too much can be harmful and even fatal. Potassium overdose usually causes no symptoms until the blood potassium rises above 6.5 or 7.0 meq/L. When present, symptoms typically involve the nerves, heart or digestive system.

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Itchiness Behind the Ears

Itchiness behind the ears can be because of a number of causes ranging from allergies to infections. To properly treat itchiness, also called pruritis, you should consult a doctor for a definitive diagnosis.

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young man running at treadmill in gym

What Happens to Your Blood Vessels When You Exercise?

When you exercise, many physiological changes take place to make sure your muscles have enough oxygen to do their job. You blood vessels are able to widen and narrow to redirect the flow of oxygenated blood to your exercising muscles.

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Young man drinking a cup of coffee

Caffeine's Effects on Sperm

The effect of caffeine on fertility has been debated through the decades. While the connection between heat and reduced sperm count seems clear, there is no similarly clear relationship for caffeine.

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Red Blood Cells

Differences Between Body Cells & Neurons

The human body is comprised of trillions of cells. Over 200 types of cells make up the organs, bones, muscles and nervous system. All the cells have similarities, such as a membrane on the outer surface and organelles--structures that perform cellular functions--within the cell.

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