Sports & Fitness: Performance Training, Rules & Recovery

Elite athletic performance and general fitness are sustained through structured hypertrophy strategies, sport-specific conditioning, and rigorous adherence to injury prevention protocols.

Female water sprinkled wet athlete woman in sportswear measuring her waistline, hips and chest after a workout at an outdoor fie

How to Calculate Chest Size

Measuring your chest isn't just for powerlifters and fashionistas. Learn how to take precise measurements at home to track your fitness results.

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What Is the Fat Pad on the Upper Back?

An area of fat on the upper back, between the shoulder blades and just below the base of the neck, is referred to as a buffalo hump. An accumulation of fat in this area can be indicative of excess weight or a symptom of a disease.

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Pilates class exercising in a gym

The Best Arm-Toning Pilates Exercises

Joseph Pilates developed his mind-body system of exercises in the 1920s but only in the 1990s did the program become a mainstream class offering in studios, fitness centers and on DVD. The American Council on Exercise notes that most Pilates exercises focus on the core--the muscles of the hips, abdomen and back.

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Man and woman running in desert

What Muscles Does Running Build?

As a biped, humans are designed to run in an upright position. People first ran for survival and hunting but now your running is more likely to be for pleasure. Running is primarily an aerobic activity although faster running and sprinting is anaerobic.

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Treadmill Incline Vs. Speed

The treadmill offers a way to walk, run or jog indoors when the weather, schedule or terrain does not promote outdoor exercise. Whether you are a beginner trying to achieve a level of fitness for health or a seasoned runner, you can benefit from incline and speed work on the treadmill.

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How to Even Out Abdominal Muscles

How to Even Out Abdominal Muscles

Are you working out diligently but coming up with uneven results? Let’s have a look at some possible causes and, hopefully, solutions.

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Runner running for Marathon

What Causes a Nauseous Feeling After Running?

Experiencing slight fatigue or soreness after running is normal, but nausea is usually a sign that something is out of balance. Common factors that contribute to nausea after running include fluid imbalances, low blood sugar and overexertion.

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Rear view shot of muscular woman in sports bra standing outdoors with her hands on her head at sunset.

How to Tone Your Back for Women

Toning is a two-part process: building muscle and shedding fat. A healthy diet, regular cardio and strength-training is a winning combo.

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Couple running on beach at sunrise

The Benefits of Running in the Morning

Running is an effective way to help increase your fitness levels, burn fat and lose weight. And it can be more convenient and cost-effective, and less time-consuming, than going to the gym.

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Proper Sit-Ups on an Incline Board

Proper Situps on an Incline Board

When using an incline board, proper form is more important than ever. This goes double for sit-ups, which already carry a high risk of injury to the lower back.

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Man sitting on fitness ball in living room, smiling, portrait

CrossFit Substitute for Back Extension

CrossFit is a strength and conditioning program that uses a wide variety of functional exercises to create the workouts. A common exercise is the back extension that is used to strengthen the posterior chain muscles including the lower back, glutes and hamstrings.

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Sit-Ups vs. Crunches

Situps Vs. Crunches

There are two exercises you can’t do without if you want well-conditioned abs: the sit-up and the crunch, also known as the curl-up.

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