Sports & Fitness: Performance Training, Rules & Recovery

Elite athletic performance and general fitness are sustained through structured hypertrophy strategies, sport-specific conditioning, and rigorous adherence to injury prevention protocols.

Young couple jogging in field, side view

How Do Men and Women Differ Athletically?

Athletic differences between men and women have much to do with innate characteristics determined by genetics and hormones. These include height, weight, muscle mass, body fat and aerobic capacity. As a group, women do not run, jump or swim as fast as men.

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Blonde Female Stretching

How to Build Body Definition

Body definition occurs when lean muscle mass is increased and overall body fat is decreased. Carrying an excess amount of body fat will result in lack of definition, even if you continue to build muscle. A significant percentage of fat-free mass must be present in order to gain muscle definition.

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Competitive Swimming

History of Swimming Strokes

Swimming is an ancient sport that has long promoted survival, health and recreation. It skyrocketed in popularity in the early 1900s thanks to the competitions held by the National Swimming Society of Great Britain. By then, four particular strokes were already well known to most of the competitors.

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Runner crossing finish line

The Best Shock Absorbing Shoes

When your foot hits the ground, it gets a jolt of high-impact shock that can wear away at your joints. That's why it's important to have shoes with adequate shock-absorbing capabilities.

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Young woman in the gym

Can Exercises Make Your Breasts Bigger?

The breasts are mainly composed of fat and glands, and without cosmetic surgery it is impossible to make them considerably larger. However, underneath your breasts lies a layer of muscle called the pectorals, which can be made larger with exercise, giving your breast a larger, firmer appearance.

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self-acupressure for relaxing shoulder and backache

Causes of Sore Trapezius Muscle

The trapezius muscle, also called the traps, is a pair of large triangular muscles extending over the shoulders and back of the neck. It connects the base of the skull to the top of your shoulder blades and attaches to the spinous processes of the spine. The trapezius muscle affects and is affected by your posture.

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Group of people exercising

Oblique Stretches

The muscles that run along the sides of your waist, the obliques, allow you to bend sideways and rotate your trunk. When these muscles are tight, it can inhibit your performance in sports requiring overhead hitting as well as cause a misalignment of the spine to the right or left.

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Dance performance

Contemporary Dance Exercises

Though contemporary dance has been practiced for years, many people are still unclear as to what it entails. Contemporary dance isn't like traditional dance forms. Instead, it is a free-form genre combined with several dance styles and movements reflecting current trends in pop culture.

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Sporty woman with exercise band in fitness studio

How to Get Ripped Using Resistance Bands

Lightweight and portable, resistance bands provide a workout at home, in the gym or while traveling. These β€œrubber bands on steroids,” as described by the Family Education website, can help strengthen and tone muscles in nearly all areas of the body.

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Two men in park, one doing push-ups other squatting and watching

Whole Body Vibration Machine Workouts

The thought of exercising on a vibrating platform may have you imagining the black and white films of jiggling mid-sections of stationary participants. Although true in years past, the new whole-body vibration machines offer a different type of exercise.

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Greek yogurt with honey

List of Foods to Eat When Working Out

Regardless of whether you work out to lose weight, build muscle, enhance health or compete in sports, what you eat before, during and after a workout affects your results. Ideally, you fuel properly to perform at your best without feeling weak, sluggish or nauseous.

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Vintage Bats

Why Do Baseball Players Use Pine Tar?

The sticky, brown substance known as pine tar is produced through distillation of pine wood. Baseball players coat their bats -- and sometimes their hands and helmets -- in this sticky substance in the hopes of getting the best grip on their bats.

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Cyclist on velodrome track, rear view

Road Tire Vs. Hybrid Bike Tire

Move over, road bikes -- hybrid bikes are increasingly taking a starring role in big city commutes. Some key differences in the design and components of the hybrid bike make it more comfortable for casual riders.

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Jumping

How to Tone Your Tummy on a Trampoline

Most people think of toning their tummy by doing traditional cardio like running, jogging, bicycling or stair climbing. Also, the standard abdominal equipment provided by gyms like crunch machines and captain's chairs are used by many to create a toned stomach.

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Young boy playing cricket shot

Skills in Cricket

Cricket requires a variety of skills that are commonly used in a number of sports. Hand-eye coordination, throwing or catching a ball, balance and intense, long-term concentration are just a few.

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Headache After a Massage

If you experience headaches after receiving a massage, you're not alone. Post-massage headaches are not typically serious, but they can be annoying and prevent you from seeking out massage therapy when you need it. You can take a few precautions to reduce your risk of developing a headache after receiving a massage.

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How to Adjust Your Road Bike Seat

The seat, or saddle, position on a road bike is an important factor for a comfortable ride. The longer and farther the ride, the more important it is to have a properly adjusted seat. Saddle height also affects your riding efficiency.

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Two athletes are doing paired karate exercises

What Do the Karate Belt Colors Mean?

Awarding various colored belts to signify the achievement of new levels of expertise in karate (and other martial arts) is a relatively recent tradition. The colored belt is said to have been created by Jigoro Kano, the founder of judo, in 1888.The practice was then adapted into other martial arts, including karate.

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Fast Heart Rate & Lightheaded

It's easy to feel panicked when you experience a fast or irregular heart rate, especially when it's coupled with other symptoms such as feeling lightheaded. Symptoms affecting the heart warrant medical attention, particularly if they happen suddenly.

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