Parenting & Child Development: From Infancy to Adolescence

Parenting success relies on understanding developmental benchmarks, managing maternal health during and after pregnancy, and implementing effective behavioral strategies for toddlers and teenagers.

Baby receiving foot massage

Baby Toenail Problems

Baby toenails are very delicate and can be vulnerable to several minor but painful problems. To prevent baby toenail problems such as ingrown nails, nail fungus and brittle nails, you should keep your baby’s feet clean and dry and trim her toenails regularly.

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raspberries in white bowl on wood table

Does Xylitol Pose Dangers to Children?

Xylitol is a sugarless sweetener that’s gaining popularity as an ingredient in candy, chewing gum and toothpaste. Although xylitol has many potential health benefits, particularly for preventing dental cavities, ingesting large amounts of the sweetener could pose some health risks for children.

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Pregnancy

The Frequency of a Baby's Kicks in the Womb at Six Months Pregnant

For many women, the first time you feel your unborn baby move is one of the most wondrous parts of being pregnant. Toward the middle of your second trimester, you'll feel the first fluttering movements of your baby, but by the sixth month, those movements will turn into noticeable kicks.

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Surgery

Complications of Aspiration During Surgery

During surgical anesthesia, respiratory reflexes such as gag reflexes that normally prevent vomited food or gastric juices from entering the lungs are suppressed. Food, stomach juices, blood or saliva can enter the trachea, the tube that leads to the lungs.

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Woman sitting in wheelchair, with daughter (6-8) on lap, smiling

Grants for Children of Disabled Parents

When one or both parents become disabled, there is often a question about how their child's education will be paid. Luckily, there are a number of grants that are available specifically for children who have a parent, or even a grandparent, who is disabled.

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side profile close-up of a pregnant woman's hand resting on her stomach

HCG Levels & Spotting

Many women associate bleeding or spotting during pregnancy as a bad sign or as if something has gone wrong, but, according to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, this is not necessarily true. Spotting during pregnancy is actually quite common, but you should know the warning signs.

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Chinese pregnant woman,China

How to Avoid Fluid Retention in the Later Stages of Pregnancy

Fluid retention is very common during pregnancy, particularly in the later stages. There are a few things you can do to prevent or alleviate this problem if it happens. If swelling occurs suddenly or is accompanied by repeated weight gain of more than 2 lb.

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Doctor giving baby girl checkup on an examination table

What Do the Percentiles on Child Growth Charts Mean?

As your child grows throughout childhood, you will receive ongoing information about her rate of growth from physicians who consult growth charts. Growth charts present this information to help physicians measure and track a child’s growth.

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Checking important date on calendar

How to Tell the Exact Date of Conception in Pregnancy

To calculate your exact date of conception you'll need to know the start date of your last menstrual period, how many days in your menstrual cycle, or when you ovulated. If you don't have that information, you can work backwards from your due date, with the help of an ultrasound and your health care provider.

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White coffee cup

Foods to Avoid in Pregnancy With Indigestion

Most women experience a moderate case of heartburn and indigestion while pregnant. Some women, however, may experience a more extreme case and need to eliminate certain foods to find relief.

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Asian mother laying in bed with newborn baby

Pumping Breast Milk and Weight Loss

During pregnancy women gain weight, which they can later use for breast milk production after giving birth, according to La Leche League International. Breast-feeding, or pumping in a way to simulate breast-feeding, can help you lose weight faster due to the extra calories your body uses to produce breast milk.

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Unusual Possible Signs of Pregnancy

Traditional symptoms of pregnancy such as missing a period or morning sickness, are recognized easily. However, there are other symptoms that also point to pregnancy—even though they are less common.

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Attractive pregnant woman holding a bowl of salad while standing

How to Calculate Calories Needed During Pregnancy

When you find out you're expecting, everything changes. You are charged with the tremendous responsibility of ensuring that you and your child grow together in good health. There will be vitamins to take, doctor's appointments to make, and of course, you'll have to watch what you eat.

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person using a fork and knife on a plate of grilled salmon

What Seafood Can You Eat When Pregnant?

A pregnant woman must carefully choose the fish in her diet to avoid dangerous contamination with mercury, a neurotoxin. According to the Food and Drug Administration, pregnant women should avoid undercooked or raw shellfish entirely.

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Sore Red Eye. Chalazion and Blepharitis. Inflammation

Home Remedy for Styes on Toddlers

Waking up with an eye crusty with pus is unpleasant for both your toddler and you. Styes are common in children and result from a bacterial infection. In most cases, the infection causing the pus resolves without treatment, although a simple remedy can help it clear faster. Styes rarely require medical attention.

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Abnormal Periods After Childbirth

Menstrual cycles cease during pregnancy. After a woman gives birth, menstrual cycles may not occur at the same interval or last the same amount of time as they did before pregnancy. Some women also experience a change in menstrual flow, with periods becoming lighter or heavier.

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Close-up Portrait of a Boy Toddler Eating

Food for Toddlers Who Have Diarrhea

Virtually all toddlers experience bouts of diarrhea, which can be caused by infections, food intolerance, parasites, antibiotics and even by drinking too much juice. Most cases of diarrhea are mild and can be treated in just a few days with home care.

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Baby (3-6 months) lying, close-up

What Is the Avereage Weight of a 2-Month-Old Girl?

The average weight of a 2-month-old baby girl is 11 pounds, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This is based on statistics about thousands of children born every year. Research shows that half of all baby girls weigh less than 11 pounds, and the other half weigh more than 11 pounds.

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