Sports & Fitness: Performance Training, Rules & Recovery

Elite athletic performance and general fitness are sustained through structured hypertrophy strategies, sport-specific conditioning, and rigorous adherence to injury prevention protocols.

Bodybuilder Doing Legs Exercise

How to Get Bigger Calves and Ankles

Building bigger calves is a key goal for any bodybuilder or muscle-minded athlete and gym-goer. Even if you're not looking to turn your calves into cows, making the muscles a little bigger can help to improve your physique and adds definition and musculature to your lower body.

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Feet of runners on starting blocks

Recovery for Tired Legs From Running

Running hard undoubtedly comes with rewards, including increased muscular strength in the legs and improved stamina and endurance. Continually training hard without rest, though can lead to fatigue, illness and poor performance.

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woman running up on mountain stairs

How to Make Your Legs Skinnier Without Exercise

To shed fat in your legs, you should decrease your calorie intake, eat a healthy diet and lead a more active lifestyle. You don't necessarily need to go to a gym or specifically designate a time every day to exercise if you have an active lifestyle.

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Woman Lifting Weights

Hammer Curls vs. Barbell Curls

Hammer curls and barbell curls recruit the same collection of muscles. However, they differ slightly in technique and the weighted implements that are to be used. Because of the technique differences, three muscles involved in the exercise are recruited slightly differently in the two exercises.

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Children playing soccer

Six Components of Fitness Related to Motor Skills

The six components of motor skills related to fitness are agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time and speed, according to Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Education. A motor skill is associated with muscle activity.

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How to Do a Dumbbell Side Squat

Along with strengthening your lower body for sports and general fitness, squats help you move through everyday activities. Picking up something from the floor, lifting heavy boxes and even sitting in a chair all require movements that are executed when performing squats.

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Do Shoulder Shrugs & Upright Rows Work the Same Muscle?

Both shoulder shrugs and upright rows work your trapezius, but upright rows also work your shoulders. So while upright rows work more muscles, the shrug allows you to work a solitary muscle harder, as you can use far more weight when performing shrugs. For best results, combine both exercises in your exercise program.

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Man at Gym

What Happens to Your Muscles When You Work Out?

Your muscles make up some of the most integral tissues in your body. Whether you're a 20-year-old body builder, or a 70-year-old retiree, exercise -- particularly resistance exercise -- continues to play an important role in your muscle health.

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What Cardio Machine Is Best for Bad Knees?

Bad knees can quickly get in the way of regular exercise, especially with chronic conditions like arthritis. However, just because your knees are bad does not mean you have to give up aerobic exercise.

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Blonde woman measuring waist circumference

The Waist to Hip Ratio for Measurements & Limitations

The cardiovascular and exercise assessment protocols of the American College of Sports Medicine, ACSM, use weight-to-hip ratios to categorize your risk level for cardiovascular disease and safety at different exercise levels. Higher ratios are also indicative of hypertension, diabetes and coronary artery disease.

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Sick woman blowing her nose

Full Body Rash & Welts

Welts are raised, red or skin-colored blisters and lesions on your skin of varying shapes and sizes. If you have a full body rash characterized by welts, you may have hives. Allergies can produce hives, a condition that typically is not life-threatening; however, other symptoms of an allergic reaction can be fatal.

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Urban rider

Does a Bike Work Your Calves?

If you've ever noticed the chiseled legs of pro cyclists, you have some idea of the impact biking has on leg musculature. A regular biking routine, whether on roads, mountain trails or inside your local gym, can help you tone and strengthen your calf muscles.

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Workout Leg Press

What Machines to Use at the Gym to Get Bigger Thighs, Calves & Butt

Developing bigger muscles from the butt down is a confidence builder for some and necessity for others. Regardless of your motive, machines give you the ability to achieve this goal, provided you know which ones to use. The main muscles you need to zero in on are the glutes, quadriceps, hamstrings and calves.

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Woman having exercise in the mountains

Can Jumping Rope Strengthen Feet and Arches?

Jumping rope is an easy and inexpensive way to burn calories, strengthen the upper and lower body and promote heart health. If performed properly, this simple aerobic activity may help strengthen feet and arches, especially in children.

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Men playing beach volleyball

How Do Playing Sports Affect Us Mentally?

Sports condition both your body and your mind. Apart from the obvious physical prowess required to participate in any sport; you need the mental discipline to maintain your focus. And like any form of exercise, you’ll benefit from the release of neurotransmitters like endorphins that elevate your mood.

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How Does the Nike Plus Work?

Nike Plus, commonly displayed as Nike+, is a software program that works by tracking the performance of runners through a wireless connection. The proprietary system, made by athletic equipment company Nike Inc.

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