Child Development: Physical, Cognitive & Social Milestones

Child development milestones from birth to age seven involve physical growth, language acquisition, and cognitive skills. Factors like technology use and social play significantly influence typical and atypical growth patterns.

Young player running from his opposition

Social Effects of Sports on Young Children

Although team sports can provide fun-filled memories that can last your child a lifetime, they are also a teaching tool for the development of important social skills. Sports can teach him to be competitive, yet fair and honest.

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Friends playing video game

Do Video Games Contribute to Childhood Obesity?

An estimated 12.5 million children between the ages of 2 and 19 are obese, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Although genetics and diet play pivotal roles in childhood obesity, the CDC also notes that passive media viewing can contribute to this epidemic.

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Happy children throw colorful hoops on cones

Olympic Games for Physical Education

The Olympics theme fits well into the physical education curriculum at any grade level. The kids participate in activities that simulate actual events in either the Summer or Winter Olympics. The theme is ideal during an actual Olympics year, but you can use it anytime to add variety to gym class.

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Portrait of a mid adult man teaching his son to how to ride a bicycle

What Age Do Children Learn to Ride a Bike?

A child’s ability to learn how to ride a bicycle depends on her physical development, coordination, and mastery of gross motor skills and fine motor skills. Most children are ready to ride a bicycle by the time they are 5 years old, according to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.

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Five children (7-11) running with plastic hoops in park (surface level)

Physical Education Games for Elementary Children

Physical education is just as important as any subject in an elementary school, according the Council on Physical Education for Children. Physical education helps to develop motor skills, body awareness, social interaction and cognitive development.

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Classical Conditioning Classroom Exercises

Any student who takes a psychology class is familiar with the principles of Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning learning models. In classical conditioning, a subject learns a behavior through subconscious stimuli.

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Teaching outdoors

Goals for Early Childhood Education

If you're the parent of a young child, you might be thinking of enrolling him in a daycare, preschool or pre-kindergarten program to prepare him for elementary school. These programs are typically run by those with early childhood education certification and often offer more than just playtime.

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Senior African man reading newspaper

How to Know When You Need Bifocals

Bifocals are dual-vision glasses that allow the patient to see two different vision prescriptions through the same lens. Bifocals can often be identified because they look like a normal glasses lens with a portion of another lens resting on top, either in a circular or sliver shape.

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Mother and child playing

Stages of Early Childhood Brain Development

Children go through an amazing transformation in the earliest years of their life, from a helpless infant to a walking, talking toddler, and on to reading, critical thinking and advanced social interactions in a school setting.

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Happy mother and father kissing their daughter in the park

What Is the Family Impact on Early Childhood Development?

During early childhood, a parent's attitudes and values can be passed on to the child. During this time their self concept is forming, and can be heavily influenced by their parents, according to Heather Weiss, Founder and Director of the Harvard Family Research Project.

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Sun protection

How to Clear Dark Spots on Children's Skin

Though occasionally troubling in appearance, most dark spots that appear on a child's skin are harmless. Birthmarks, rashes, exposure to the sun or infections of the skin can cause dark spots to appear.

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Woman sitting in wheelchair, with daughter (6-8) on lap, smiling

Grants for Children of Disabled Parents

When one or both parents become disabled, there is often a question about how their child's education will be paid. Luckily, there are a number of grants that are available specifically for children who have a parent, or even a grandparent, who is disabled.

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Doctor giving baby girl checkup on an examination table

What Do the Percentiles on Child Growth Charts Mean?

As your child grows throughout childhood, you will receive ongoing information about her rate of growth from physicians who consult growth charts. Growth charts present this information to help physicians measure and track a child’s growth.

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Correct and discorrect position

Bad Posture in Children

Getting a child to quit slouching and stand up straight is a common struggle for parents. A child’s poor posture not only looks bad, but also affects her health both today and down the road.

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Elementary Pupils Counting With Teacher In Classroom

Why Is Math So Important for Kids to Learn?

Many kids ask their math teacher why learning a particular mathematical concept or skill is important. When helping kids out with their homework, many parents may wonder the same thing. Mark H.

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Negative Effects of Television on Kids

Excessive and unsupervised television viewing can have negative effects on kids. While the American Academy of Pediatrics, or AAP, recommends that children older than 2 only watch one to two hours of quality programming a day, the average 8- to-18-year-old kid watches four hours of TV a day.

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Elementary Pupils Collecting Healthy Lunch In Cafeteria

What Is a High IQ for a Child?

Every good parent wants the best for her child, including opportunities for educational enrichment. From learning games to language courses, a variety of tools claim to raise a child’s IQ score. But what do IQ scores really mean?

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Father pointing, daughter (2-4) on father's shoulders, smiling

What Are Some Physical Development Activities for Preschool Children?

Preschoolers learn how to control and further their physical development and movement patterns through activities and play. Large muscle skills, or gross motor skills, necessary for running and throwing, develop faster than fine motor development skills, which progress at a slower pace at this age.

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Man and boy sitting at table in kitchen, with salad and orange juice on table and man talking to boy, close-up

Barriers to Communication in Children

Communication involves using language to express ideas and share information, such as through listening, reading, speaking and writing. Children require good language and speech skills to interact with people and succeed in educational settings and other areas of life.

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Little girl cheating off classmate

Standard IQ Tests for Children

Most primary and secondary schools in Western countries test their students' intelligence every few years by administering a written IQ test. The results of these tests may determine the level of educational opportunity a child receives.

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