Sports & Fitness: Performance Training, Rules & Recovery

Elite athletic performance and general fitness are sustained through structured hypertrophy strategies, sport-specific conditioning, and rigorous adherence to injury prevention protocols.

young couple playing tennis outdoor summer

Muscles Engaged While Playing Tennis

Playing tennis involves a series of complex movements that begins with your feet and ends with you hitting a ball with a tennis racket. Tennis is very demanding on your body. It requires a well-trained muscular system for strength, power, endurance and speed.

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Leg of injured man in physiotherapy

Exercises Using Ankle Weights

Ankle weights are fitness tools that get fastened to your lower legs to create resistance while working out. Ankle weights are used in walking or running to increase the intensity. However, doing so can change your normal gait, which may cause you to lose your balance or hurt yourself while you're walking.

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young girl plays bowling

Ten-Pin Bowling Tips for Beginners

By nature, bowling offers an inclusive sport suited for virtually all skill levels; even your local lanes likely host all manner of bowlers, from casual partiers to hardcore league members.

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Victorious tennis player with arms outstretched

Tennis Net Height Rules

The net is the single most important structure in tennis. It is the main obstacle of the game, and the aspect that makes it most challenging. Hitting the ball over the net is the cardinal rule of tennis.

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bicycle wheel

How to Measure a Bicycle Tire

Bicycle tire measurements have two components. The larger number is the tire diameter in inches, and the smaller number is the tire width in inches. Tire diameter usually ranges from 12 to 26 inches, and tire width normally ranges from 1.75 to 2.215 inches.

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Using wrist immobiliser

Wrist Exercises After Surgery

Rehabilitation is crucial following surgery, including surgeries for wrist fractures, carpal tunnel syndrome and other wrist-related problems.

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Benefits of Teamwork in Sports

Teams that often end up on the winning end of the score in team sports are those that work well together. Learning to cooperate with others towards a common goal in sports is what builds character, friendship and important life skills for players and coaches.

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Female sprinter getting ready for the run

Workouts to Increase Sprinting Speed

Tom Green, an eight-time All-American athlete, emphasizes that your sprinting speed will increase if you learn how to spend as little time as possible touching the ground with your feet. The idea is to explode from the starting line, and keep the explosive movements throughout the sprint.

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Ankle Range of Motion Exercises

After an injury, it is important to regain range of motion (ROM) in the ankle. Any stiffness or swelling in the ankle can affect your gait (the way you walk), and will affect you in your sport. Your entire kinetic chain can be affected, leading to knee, hip and back problems.

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Group of young women exercising in an aerobics class

Exercises to Tighten Inner Thighs & the Butt

Targeted resistance exercises can help you achieve a tighter, more defined physique. If it's your inner thighs and butt that you're most concerned with, you need the right exercises for the major muscle groups in these areas.

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Fit young woman exercises with gymnast rings

The Best Underarm Exercises for Women

If you refer to your underarms as bat wings or bingo wings, know that you are not alone. The common complaint of flabby underarms led the American Council on Exercise to sponsor a female-only study in 2011 to determine which exercises best tone the triceps.

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Teenage boy exercising in park

Weight-Training Exercises for 15-Year-Olds

Despite common safety concerns, it’s perfectly safe for teenagers to participate in strength training. Focus should be on mastering exercise technique, form and building strength, rather than trying to put on muscle.

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woman sitting holding a cold pack on her neck

The Neck and Jaw Exercises

The neck and jaw muscles are subject to tension daily, especially if you use a computer all day long or if you routinely carry a heavy load from your neck or shoulders. Neck and jaw exercises firm, tone and relax the muscles in your head and neck.

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Woman is training

The Best Pushups For Muscle Mass

Push-ups are effective strength exercises for the shoulders, chest and arms, and they also can increase muscle mass in those areas. The keys to turning your push-ups from a conditioning exercise to a muscle-building movement is increasing resistance and changing body position.

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Side profile of runners exchanging baton at a relay race

400 Meter Relay Race Rules

The 400-meter relay race is a significant race in major track and field events, such as the Olympics, the World Championships and national championships. Relay races are won by the teams that finish the race in the fastest time, but there are other factors involved besides speed.

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Basketball players competing for the ball

Basketball Basic Rules for Tip-Off

Every basketball game begins the same way—with the tipoff. While it may seem like a simple way to start the game, there is a whole set of rules governing not just the players tipping the ball, but everyone on the court. Making sure the tipoff goes right is essential to starting off the basketball game.

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Woman stretching atop exercise ball at gym

Lower Back Extension Exercises

Back isolation exercises are vital for developing a strong lower back. However, the muscles of the lower back -- erector spinae and quadratus lumborum -- are often overlooked in a training plan.

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