Sports & Fitness: Performance Training, Rules & Recovery

Elite athletic performance and general fitness are sustained through structured hypertrophy strategies, sport-specific conditioning, and rigorous adherence to injury prevention protocols.

woman tying the laces on her sneakers

How Much Room Should Running Shoes Have?

When it comes to running shoes, size matters. Buying shoes on size alone won't always get you the best fit, though. As you run, the impact causes your foot to splay and your toes to push forward.

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Man javelin throw

Physics of Javelin Throwing

Throwing a javelin involves strength, speed and technique. If a thrower is deficient in one of these aspects, she can still be competitive. However, to be an elite javelin thrower, an athlete must be strong and quick, and have tremendous technique and knowledge on how a javelin flies.

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Closeup of female trainer measure her tummy

How to Lose Belly Fat Super Fast

When it comes to getting a flat stomach, crunches may help you get developed abs, but you have to burn through the layer of fat first. Losing belly fat fast is achievable by choosing healthy low-calorie foods and regular cardiovascular exercise.

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Tossing the Fooball

Solo Football Practice

Whether you are gearing up for the beginning of the season or prepping for the big game against your rivals, football drills are often used to prepare the mind and body for the game. Since football is such an interactive game, practice drills generally involve the whole team or several players working together.

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5 Types of Swimming Styles

Swimmers should learn as many different swimming techniques as possible, since each of them will put your body in a different position and will use different muscles.

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bicycle repair or adjustment

How to Convert a Single-Speed Bike to Variable Speed

A single speed bike requires you to exert more effort and physical strength to accomplish various courses and routes. Converting your bike to variable speed provides you the advantage of maneuverability and increased efficiency, but it will also require advanced knowledge of parts and how they work together.

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Close-up of a young man using a gym machine

How Many Hours Does It Take on a Rowing Machine to Lose Weight?

Approximately 68.8 percent of adult men and women in the United States are considered overweight or obese, according to the Weight-control Information Network. Since exercise helps you burn calories, and lose weight, many people want to know how much they have to do to see the scale change.

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yoga woman sunrise seaside

What Are the Benefits of Stretching in the Morning?

Attempting to incorporate exercise into a morning routine can be quite the challenge. The American College of Sports Medicine, however, suggests that certain types of exercise -- such as stretching -- can be especially effective in the early morning hours. All you need is an extra few minutes.

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fitness treadmill

How to Get Rid of Outer Thighs Fast With Exercise

Targeting fat loss or weight loss to one specific section of your body, including your thighs, is not possible. To lose outer thigh fat from exercise, you will need to burn calories, which will affect your overall appearance and weight. There are 3,500 calories in one pound of fat.

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Pain and Gain

Elbow Cracks From Working Out

Snapping, cracking and popping are noises you might expect to hear from your morning bowl of cereal, but not during or after a workout. Most of the time, cracking sounds from your elbow are simply normal sounds associated with movement.

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Woman running in street

How Old Running Shoes Affect Performance

Running with worn out or old running shoes means you're inviting a host of potential injuries, any one of which can adversely affect your performance. Each time your foot hits the ground while running, it generates a force up to three times your body weight per square inch.

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Man Working Out in the Gym

Recommended Mass Powerlifting Routines

Powerlifting is a strength sport based around three main lifts -- the squat, bench press and dead lift. In a powerlifting competition, you will have three attempts at each lift. Your heaviest weight for each is added together to give you a total and the winner is the person one who has the heaviest total.

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young male runner suffering from leg cramp on the track

What Happens If I Keep Running Even If I Have Shin Splints?

Shin splints, or medial tibial stress syndrome, is a common injury for runners. Symptoms include tenderness alongside the tibia, or shin bone, and sharp pains in that area when running. They often develop into chronic or recurring problems because they are slow to heal and easily re-injured, a bad combination.

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Men Playing Basketball

The Average Speed of a Basketball Player

Successful basketball results from a combination of several skills, including speed, conditioning and athleticism. As a result, coaches and scouts test speed using a series of assessments such as the 40-yard dash, agility drills, vertical jump and the mile run.

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Telling Therapist Aching Spots

Laminectomy Exercise Restrictions

Laminectomy is a surgery that relieves pressure on your spinal cord and nerves. This medical procedure, also called decompression surgery, can relieve the symptoms of a too narrow spine including pain, numbness, tingling and burning.

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The Effects of Swimming on the Body

Whether swimming leisurely or competitively, the effects on the body are both healthy and beneficial. Not only does swimming improve your cardiovascular system, it also reduces your risk of suffering from debilitating diseases, such as heart disease, as you age. Plus, it is an enjoyable way to get some exercise.

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Chocolate Milk

Do I Have to Eat Protein After a Workout?

Downing protein after you exercise is a way to speed muscle recovery, according to researchers. If you're confused about having to do this, it's understandable. Not long ago, after a tough run or game, you would grab a Gatorade or some other sugary drink or food concoction.

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How Far Out Can a Soccer Goalie Go?

The position of soccer goalie necessitates playing the last line of defense for your team. Playing goalie, or goalkeeper, requires leadership skills, confidence, perseverance and the ability to stay calm and cool-headed, even immediately after a mistake.

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