Parenting & Child Development: From Infancy to Adolescence

Parenting success relies on understanding developmental benchmarks, managing maternal health during and after pregnancy, and implementing effective behavioral strategies for toddlers and teenagers.

High angle view of a mother breastfeeding her baby boy

Reasons for a Gassy Stomach When Breastfeeding

Healthy people pass gas as many as 23 times every day, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Breastfeeding mothers who make healthy dietary changes or who use supplements to increase their milk supply sometimes suffer from a gassy stomach as a result of their efforts.

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Headache in Infants

Since infants can't talk, it's difficult to determine exactly what is hurting them. However, your infant's body language may give you a clue. Headaches can be minor or the symptom of a more serious illness or injury. If you cannot manage the pain on your own, you should seek the medical advice of your physician.

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Girl leaning on smaller girl.

Growth Spurts in Teenagers

Due to increasing amounts of sex hormones during and after puberty, boys and girls grow considerably during their teenage years, according to the website Kids Health. While girls tend to begin these growth spurts earlier, boys tend to grow taller and over a longer period of time.

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Amazed baby

Why Are Babies' Heads So Large in Proportion to Their Body Sizes?

Despite the lack of development in their bodies, babies are born with heads that are at an advanced stage of development. As the brain reaches half of its adult size by 9 months and nearly three-quarters by two years of age, a baby's head must be large and grow rapidly to accommodate the rest of the body's growth.

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Blisters on the Tongue When Teething in Infants

If your baby is teething and has blisters on their tongue, it could be caused by one of several conditions. Fever or a skin rash may accompany blisters in a baby’s mouth if they have a virus. Blisters can also be the result of biting the tongue or salivary gland blockage.

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The Effects of Dehydration in Pregnant Women on the Baby

Most pregnant women should drink eight to 12 8-oz. glasses of water each day, but this amount can vary among individuals. During pregnancy, your body relies on water for additional functions, and not getting enough water can have negative effects on your growing baby.

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Young mother and newborn baby in white bedroom

Breast-Feeding and Nipple Problems: Bumps

Any woman can experience sore bumps on her nipples from breast-feeding -- no matter how many children she has given birth to or how much experience she has breast-feeding. Irritated nipples can be painful and make feeding time difficult.

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Infant with teething toy

Is Infant Teething a Cause of Vomiting?

During the arduous teething process, your baby may exhibit a number of abnormal signs or symptoms, such as vomiting. Possible explanations for your child's vomiting during teething may include stress, the overproduction of saliva or a viral infection.

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baby sitting in her crib

Walking Pneumonia in Toddlers

A Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, more commonly known as "walking pneumonia," is a mild form of pneumonia that can affect people of all ages, including toddlers. The disease is not common in children under 4, unless your toddler is in preschool or daycare programs.

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Mother is feeding her baby

Natural Cold Remedies While Breastfeeding

When you are breastfeeding, any medication that you take has the potential to get into your breast milk and affect your baby. Some medications also might reduce your milk supply.

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Pregnant woman eating salad

Can Foods & Drinks Cause Pregnancy Miscarriages

Most foods and drinks are safe to consume during pregnancy, but some can increase the risk of miscarriage, according to the American Pregnancy Association. Some foods may contain bacteria and other microorganisms that could lead to a miscarriage.

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Cubes of chocolate

Is Eating Chocolate Bad While in Your First Trimester?

If the thought of giving up chocolate during your first trimester, and beyond, makes you break out in a cold sweat, rest assured that chocolate is safe to eat while you're expecting. That doesn't mean, however, that you can pop as much chocolate in your mouth as you want.

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Father feeding baby (6-12 months), indoors

How to Introduce Boiled Eggs to a Baby

Introducing boiled eggs to babies is a slow and gradual process. Although your baby might begin experimenting with other solids before his 6-month birthday, eggs are considered a potential allergen and you should wait a little longer to introduce them into your baby's diet.

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How to Break a Nighttime Bottle Habit

Sending your baby to bed with a bottle is a habit you should break by the time your baby begins teething to avoid tooth decay or “bottle rot.” The ideal bedtime routine involves snuggles while feeding and then having your baby fall asleep on her own in her crib. If your baby needs a bottle, fill it with water only.

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Bronchial Pneumonia in Infants

Bronchial pneumonia, also known as bronchopneumonia, is an infection of the bronchial tubes of the lungs and the most common form of pneumonia in infants.

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Head Twitching in Babies

Head twitching in babies doesn't always mean that your baby has a serious problem. In some cases, twitching occurs simply because a baby has an immature nervous system. She may soon grow out of these movements. However, if twitches are vigorous, very frequent or persist for a long period of time, consult your doctor.

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close up of a caucasian newborn baby

Infant Head Circumference & Low Growth

Infants grow rapidly from the day they are born, but if you compare your child to other babies, you probably will notice a significant difference in size. Children come in all shapes and sizes and grow at different rates. To determine that your baby's growth is within the "normal"

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Mother taking sick daughter's temperature

How to Care for Toddlers With Pneumonia

Contact your toddler’s pediatrician immediately if you suspect he has pneumonia. Pneumonia symptoms include fever, cough, chills, rapid breathing, nasal flaring, chest pain, wheezing and nasal congestion. In severe cases, your toddler’s fingernails and lips may turn a bluish gray color.

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Male instructor training woman with dumbbells

How to Tone Your Arms While Pregnant

Pregnancy is an added stress to your body, and regular exercise can prepare you to better handle the new load. If you did resistance training before you became pregnant, resistance training to tone your arms during your pregnancy is safe to do as long as you and your baby are otherwise healthy.

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