Comprehensive Sports Guide: Rules, Conditioning & Equipment

Athletic mastery depends on understanding official gameplay rules, optimizing equipment technology, and implementing sport-specific conditioning drills.

The Relation Between Height and Shoe Size in Adolescents

It’s fun to use formulas to predict your teen’s height – as long as you take such predictions with a grain of salt. Shoe size generally is proportional to height, so it’s used in many height-predicting formulations. Such formulations sometimes take the parents’ height into account, as well.

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Goalie diving on a field to save the ball

Rules of Scoring a Soccer Game

Rules for soccer scoring seem simple -- when the ball crosses the goal line, a point is scored. In some situation, though, getting the ball into the goal does not count as a point. The referee is responsible for making the call as to whether a goal is scored, and he records the goals in a notebook.

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Professional sprinter jumping over a hurdle

Rules for Track Hurdles

Athletes who compete in hurdle races need a sprinter’s speed as well as the technical ability to clear the hurdles. Runners typically take seven to eight strides before hurdle one, then use a three-stride pattern between the rest, according to Brian Mac, performance coach for UK Athletics.

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black leather bike saddle

Bike Seat Rash

A bike-seat rash can ruin your ride and make your post-workout shower extremely uncomfortable. It also can develop into a sore that can become infected. However, don’t despair, because you can take some steps to avoid bike seat rashes. They’re also relatively easy to treat if you do develop them.

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Cricket Batsman Heading Out to Bat

Cricket Bowling Exercises

Cricket bowling can lead to overuse injuries to your back and shoulders, and the more you bowl the higher your risk is. Performing exercises to improve flexibility and strength can help minimize your injury risk. You need to focus on your rotator cuff area as well as your core.

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The Best Stationary Swimming Harness

If you need a swim workout and don’t have access to a lap pool, a swimming harness, also called a tether, will allow you to get a good workout using a smaller space. Most tethers have a belt that goes around your waist and is connected to flexible tubing that keeps you in place as you swim.

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Cyclists in action, low section (focus on foreground)

Bike Shoe Size Conversion

The right bike shoes will make all the difference in your ride, because they will save you a significant amount of energy. Many cycling shoes come in European sizes rather than U.S. sizing. Some use only men’s sizing, and the sizing on cycling shoes can vary by manufacturer as well.

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What Are the Dimensions of a High School Discus Ring?

Rules on high school discus ring construction have changed over the years to minimize risk to athletes and spectators, though the size of the throwing ring itself has not been altered. These changes include requiring cages over the rings, and reducing the allowed throwing sector.

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Triathlete on a bicycle

Triathlon Bike Frame Size

Triathlon-specific, road and time-trial bikes are the most common options when it comes to purchasing a bike for a triathlon. Determining what type of bike you want to ride is only the first step, however.

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Bike details

Why Does My Bike Chain Keep Loosening Up?

A loose chain will ruin your ride at best and pose a safety issue at worst. If your bike chain keeps loosening up, you need to find the cause of the problem and address it before riding again. The cause may differ from bike to bike because the mechanics vary.

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How to Wear a Number for a Triathlon

You are required to display your race number at all times during a triathlon. Failing to properly display your race number can cost you a variable time penalty. This penalty can add two to 18 minutes to your time, depending on the length of your race and the number of offenses. Penalty times are cumulative.

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triathlon

Tips for Your First Duathlon

A duathlon is a run-bike-run event that offers a good way to join the multisport movement. These typically range in distance from a 2-mile run, a 10-mile bike and a 2-mile run to a 6.3-mile run, a 37.3-mile bike and a 6.3-mile run.

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Mid-adult woman posing with volleyball on beach

Volleyball Serving Rules

The serve is vital in the game of volleyball. The server hits the ball over the net to the opponent, and the rally goes until the ball is not returned properly, grounded on the court or goes “out,” advises the Federation Internationale De Volleyball.

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Portrait of little league teams

ASA 12U Softball Rules

The Amateur Softball Association -- ASA -- sets rules and regulations for softball. Also known as the Junior Olympic program, the ASA’s youth division is one of the country’s largest kids’ sports organizations. Governing men's and women's softball, ASA rules are modified to accommodate players’ ages.

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