Sports & Fitness: Performance Training, Rules & Recovery

Elite athletic performance and general fitness are sustained through structured hypertrophy strategies, sport-specific conditioning, and rigorous adherence to injury prevention protocols.

Basketball team and coach on bleachers

Basketball Substitution Rules

The rules of basketball allow an unlimited number of substitutions by players during the course of the game. Substitutions are often used by coaches to provide ideal matchups against the other team, to give players rest when they are tired or to get players out of the game who are in foul trouble.

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Basketball Game Clock Rules

Everything in basketball revolves around time. The whole point of the game is to see who can score more points within a certain interval. Understanding the clock rules is essential no matter what level of basketball you're playing, coaching or watching.

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I Get Dizzy, Light-Headed and Nauseous After Exercising

If you've ever stepped off the treadmill or elliptical trainer and experienced light-headedness, dizziness or nausea, you know how it can have a damper on your desire to exercise in the future. A number of different factors can play a role in your post-workout discomfort.

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Basketball court

Parts of the Basketball Court

Taking a look at a basketball court for the first time can leave you confused, with all the lines, circles and hash marks. The basketball court is divided into two equal sides with the same features.

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Two street basketball players on the basketball court

Basketball Rules on Changing the Possession Arrow

College and high school basketball use a possession arrow to determine which team receives the ball after a held ball or other situations, such as when the ball gets stuck between the rim and the backboard or after a double foul in which neither team earns possession.

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Basketball arena

Length of Basketball Games

Not all basketball games are created equal. Depending on the level of basketball you play, the length of the game can vary widely. Whether you're a player, a coach or the official timer at the game, understanding the rules regarding the length of the game will help you be more effective at doing your job.

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Basketball team sitting in bleachers

High School Basketball Rules on Time Outs

Basketball is a fast-paced game with few scheduled breaks in the action, but coaches and players can call a time out to stop the clock and confer as a team. Certain rules in high school basketball govern the number of time outs, how they are called and what teams can and cannot do during the timeout.

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Trainer Assisting Senior Couple With Dumbbells

Simple Chair Exercises for Senior Citizens

Being a senior citizen doesn't mean you have to go to the gym and jump on the treadmill to get some exercise. Simple exercises in a chair can help give you increased flexibility, tone your muscles and elevate your heart rate. Make sure to find a sturdy chair to perform exercises in to ensure your safety.

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Female athlete throwing the javelin

Equipment Used in Track & Field

If you’ve ever competed in or watched a track-and-field event, you might not have realized just how much work and preparation goes into putting it all together.

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Basketball Referee Items

Basketball Rules & Hand Signs

A basketball official’s job is not only to make judgment calls on what happens during the course of the game but also to make sure players, coaches and the scorekeepers understand what those calls are. That’s why basketball referees use hand signals to indicate certain fouls or violations.

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Man playing beach volleyball

How to Spike a Volleyball Correctly

The spike is one of the most powerful moves in all of volleyball. When timed correctly, it can overpower a team’s defensive line and put points on the board in a heartbeat.

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Basketball players during game action

Basketball Rules for Traveling

Traveling is one of the most common -- and misunderstood -- rules in all of basketball. The travel rule is intended to prevent players from gaining an advantage by moving with the ball without dribbling.

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Two young men playing basketball outside office

Basketball Defense Rules

In basketball, playing defense means trying to stop your opponent from scoring. The rules of basketball spell out how and under what circumstances the defense can attempt to stop offensive players. The majority of personal fouls are called over illegal contact by defenders.

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Rules for Timeouts in Basketball

Timeouts in basketball are provided under the rules, in order to give players a chance to rest, give coaches the ability to talk things over with their team, and provide players and coaches a way to stop the clock in late-game situations.

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Misunderstood Basketball Rules

It happens in nearly every game. One team's coach wants a traveling call, and the other coach wants a foul—but the referees don’t call anything.

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Little league team in dugout cheering

Girls' Fastpitch Softball Rules for Base Running

Girls’ fastpitch softball is a popular high school and recreational sport across the United States. It's even an Olympic Sport. The rules of fastpitch softball govern all areas of the game, including base runners.

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Rules for the Pig Basketball Game

Pig, like its counterpart game of Horse, is one of the most classic basketball games and can be played with two or more people. Pig requires creativity and accurate shooting and requires players to match each others’ shots.

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Drills That Increase Agility & Footwork

Part of getting ready for the rigors of sports or other physical activity is working on footwork, which affects agility, or the ability to move quickly and effectively in different directions. Agility and footwork is key to every major sport, including football, baseball, basketball and soccer.

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Woman preparing her kayak.

Kayak Exercises

Kayaking is about more than just paddling. Because of the nature of the kayak and the types of maneuvers you must do on the water, proper preparation--including exercise and strength training--is essential to becoming a good kayaker. Several exercises can get you ready to show off your kayak skills in the water.

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Yellow medicine ball on floor in health club with couple

Partner Medicine-Ball Exercises

Medicine balls have been used for decades as an effective exercise tool. Weighted, medicine balls can be tossed and handled more easily than free weights, for an efficient weight-training workout.

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