Sports & Fitness: Performance Training, Rules & Recovery

Elite athletic performance and general fitness are sustained through structured hypertrophy strategies, sport-specific conditioning, and rigorous adherence to injury prevention protocols.

Round vs. Hex Dumbbells

Hex and round dumbbells are fixed-weight dumbbells for use in commercial and in-home gyms. Both types of dumbbell are made of cast iron and offer a large selection of weights. However, hex and round dumbbells have different designs and features, each with advantages and disadvantages in the weight room.

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Towel Pullups for Thick Forearms

Towel pullups are more difficult than standard pullups because you have to grip a towel to do the exercise. This works your forearm muscles, which are your gripping muscles, making them stronger and thicker. Use different types of towels to make it more or less difficult to hold on during a pullup.

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The Muscles Involved With Flexion of the Elbow Joint

When asked to flex a muscle, you'll most likely flex your biceps by bending your elbow. Although the biceps muscle is involved with flexion of the elbow, contrary to popular belief, it's not always the most active elbow flexor.

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Hex (Trap) Bar Deadlifts vs. Barbell Deadlifts

The deadlift is a total-body strength exercise that works several muscle groups in your upper and lower body. The trap, or hex, bar is a specialized training tool that lifters use for two exercises: the deadlift and the shrug.

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The Movements That Involve the Anterior Deltoids

Three primary muscles are responsible for the movements of your shoulder joint: the anterior, or front, deltoid; the posterior, or rear, deltoid; and the lateral, or side, deltoid. The anterior deltoid is responsible for lifting a weight to the front of your body, but it also assists in other movements.

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What Are the Benefits of a Lat Pulldown?

The lat pulldown isn't a glamorous exercise. It's not overly complex and it doesn't require a lot of agility or coordination to perform. Using a lat pulldown cable machine doesn't exude rawness or fierceness like performing a barbell bent-over row or a dead hang pullup does.

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Does the Ab Roller Actually Work?

The quest for six-pack abs marches on with a long line of in-home abdominal training devices. The AB Roller is one-such device. Although the AB Roller alone will not give you a lean, ripped mid-section – spot reduction is not possible -- if you use it properly, it can help you strengthen your core muscles.

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Dip and Leg Raise Machine Exercises

A dip and leg raise machine allows you to do body weight exercises that target your upper body. You can do leg raises for your abdominal muscles and dips for your chest, triceps and shoulder muscles.

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Magnetic Bike Vs. Strap Exercise Bike

Exercise bikes offer a low-impact cardiovascular workout. They are available in an upright design, which mimics a standard road bike, and a recumbent design that offers a semi-reclined riding position and full back support. All exercise bikes offer varying levels of pedal tension.

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Big biceps

What Are Considered Big Biceps?

Biceps are the muscles on the front of your upper arm -- they are considered the "show" muscles. If asked to flex your muscles, you are likely to intuitively flex your biceps. No standards exist in the fitness world for how big your biceps should be. Having "big"

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Sports people on treadmills

How Much Electricity Does a Treadmill Use?

A treadmill is a significant financial investment. However, the spending isn't over after you purchase your machine. You might have considered the cost of maintenance and repairs, but what about the cost of running your treadmill?

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Alternative Exercises to the Lunge

Because you work one leg at a time, performing the lunge properly requires considerable balance, agility and more leg strength than other lower body exercises that target the same muscles, the quads, hamstrings and glutes.

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Diamond Pushup Vs. Wide Pushup

Pushups are a fundamental exercise that target several muscle groups in your upper body. One of the many benefits of pushups is that you can change the feel and emphasis of the exercise simply by adjusting the position of your hands.

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Man working out in a gym doing leg presses

What Are the Benefits of Leg Extensions?

The leg extension is an isolation exercise that targets your quadriceps, the muscles on the front of your thigh. It is a simple movement, which occurs at only one joint -- your knees. The leg extension strengthens your quadriceps. and if done correctly, is not hard on the knee joint.

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Do Push-Ups Work Biceps?

Although push-ups are touted as an effective and convenient upper-body exercise, they don't work all the muscles in the upper body. Push-ups target the pressing muscles of the torso: the chest, shoulders and triceps. They do not target the back and biceps, which are the pulling muscles.

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Do Diamond Push-ups Work Your Triceps?

The diamond pushup is a challenging close-grip pushup variation. All pushup exercise variations work the triceps muscles to some degree, but the diamond pushup not only works the triceps, it targets the deltoids, traps and pecs.

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Alternating Vs. Standing Dumbbell Curls

A dumbbell curl targets your biceps, the muscles on the front of your upper arms. There are many versions of a dumbbell curl, including alternating and standing, which are not mutually exclusive, since an alternating dumbbell curl can be done standing.

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Young man exercising with dumbbell in gym

What Is Happening During a Bicep Curl?

The biceps curl is a fundamental exercise targeting the biceps muscles, the muscles on the front of your upper arm. No other muscles are directly involved in a biceps curl, although several muscles assist during the movement.

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Fitness group with barbell in gym

Standing Shoulder Press With Dumbbells

You might think the only way to perform dumbbell shoulder presses in a sitting position, but you can also perform them in a standing position. One benefit of the standing version is you engage more core muscles to maintain your balance and control the weight.

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