Sports & Fitness: Performance Training, Rules & Recovery

Elite athletic performance and general fitness are sustained through structured hypertrophy strategies, sport-specific conditioning, and rigorous adherence to injury prevention protocols.

My Nipples Hurt When Running

If your nipples hurt when you're running, you likely have a condition called jogger's nipple, which is caused by chafing. Jogger's nipple can be prevented by wearing clothing made of soft materials or applying a barrier between your nipples and clothing to reduce chafing.

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Young woman running on a bridge

Cardiovascular & Muscular Endurance

Cardiovascular endurance and muscular endurance are two of the basic components of physical fitness, which also include flexibility, muscular strength and body composition.

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Trainer working with woman on exercise mat

American Sports & Fitness Certification

The American Sports & Fitness Association, or ASFA, is an organization offering bargain-priced online fitness certifications, including personal trainer certifications and various fitness class teaching certificates.

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Beautiful women doing exercise in a spinning class at gym

Popular Cardio Songs

Listening to music while you exercise can help keep you motivated to exercise longer by making your workout more enjoyable and distracting you from fatigue. The best songs for moderate cardio activities, like jogging or an elliptical workout, include songs between 120 and 140 beats per minute.

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Woman stretching on beach

Back Cracking & Stretching

When a joint in your spine moves while you stretch or during spinal manipulation, you may hear a cracking noise. This sound is harmless, although manipulating your joints to make them crack can sometimes cause joint irritation.

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Athletic man drinking water

Is it Better to Workout in the Cold or Hot?

Working out in very cold temperatures or extremely hot temperatures pose safety risks to the athlete. While workout temperature preference may vary somewhat from person to person, most exercisers perform and feel their best when they work out at a moderate air temperature of around 70 degrees Fahrenheit.

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Man performing push-ups

How Many Push Ups Should I Do Before Bed?

Pushups increase strength and muscular endurance in the chest, one of the body's major muscle groups. Doing pushups right before bed, however, may make it difficult for you to fall asleep.

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