Woman's legs with goosebumps

Cause of Skin Goosebumps

Many instances of goosebumps are experienced in the presence of cold temperatures. The stimulus of cold surroundings causes the tiny muscles attached to each hair follicle to contract. This contraction causes the hair strands to literally "stand on end."

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X-ray image of ankle, lateral view.

Complications of ORIF Ankle Surgery

The abbreviation; O.R.I.F. stands for Open Reduction/Internal Fixation. This refers to a variety of open orthopedic surgical techniques where broken bones in the ankle are repaired using various devices to restore the bones to normal position and alignment, thus optimizing healing.

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What Are the Treatments for Knee Joint Space Narrowing?

The space between the femur, or thighbone, and the tibia, or shinbone, on X-ray views represents the overall thickness of the joint cartilage surfaces of each opposing bone as they articulate, or come into contact with one another.

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Man with leg in knee cages

Complications With Lateral Release Knee Surgery

The patella, or knee cap, is designed to track in a special groove of the knee called the femoral notch, or trochlea. As the knee bends and straightens, the patella glides through this groove, creating a leverage element that assists with these movements.

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Knee replacement bandage

What Are the Symptoms of a Failing Knee Replacement?

Knee replacement surgery can be a life-enhancing procedure for those who suffer from chronic, disabling end-stage arthritis. Quality of life can be improved immensely, and return to near-normal function and to activities of daily living are major goals of this type of surgery.

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Causes of Numbness in Toes

Symptoms of numbness and tingling in the toes can arise from several causative factors. These symptoms can be experienced in all the toes, or select ones depending on the cause.

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Blood in Urine & Stool

There are many reasons that blood can appear in urine and stools: disease, trauma, infection, tumors and anatomic abnormalities. Under normal circumstances, there should be no blood present in either system, so even the presence of a small amount can be indicative of abnormal processes occurring.

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woman standing in front of the kitchen countertop grasping at her elbows

Treatment for Pinched Nerves in an Elbow

The main condition of the elbow that involves compression of a nerve is the condition known as cubital tunnel syndrome. Other names that describe this condition are tardy ulnar neuropathy and ulnar nerve compression syndrome.

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