Disease Guide: Diagnosis, Symptoms & Clinical Treatment Protocols

For patients and caregivers, understanding clinical progression, diagnostic imaging results, and pharmacological treatment options is vital for managing acute and chronic health conditions.

Addiction and Recovery

The Effects of Smoking on Bodybuilding

Published Aug,14 2017 | By Betty Holt

It is nearly impossible to live in today's world and not know the detrimental health effects of smoking. Because of its influence on heart rate, respiration and blood pressure, smoking also affects athletic performance. Bodybuilding is an area where these effects are noticeable.

Betty Holt began writing professionally in 1966 as co-editor of a summer mimeographed newspaper, "The Galax News." She has written for "Grit," "Mountain Living," "Atlanta Weekly" and others. Holt received a Bachelor of Arts in psychology and Master of Education from the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. Her articles specialize in health, fitness, nutrition and mental health.