Spleen enlargement and injuries are the most common conditions affecting the organ. Signs and symptoms vary along with the severity of the spleen problem.

High liver enzymes usually indicate short- or long-term liver cell damage. Hepatitis is the leading culprit but many other conditions can cause this finding.

Blood clots in the stool usually signal bleeding in the colon. Common causes include diverticular bleeding and colitis, among others.

Elevated alkaline phosphatase is associated with numerous signs and symptoms. According to Dr. Dicken Weatherby, a naturopathic physician and author of the textbook "Blood Chemistry and CBC Analysis," alkaline phosphatase is a group of isoenzymes that originate in your bone, liver, intestines, skin and placenta.

Calcium is vital for cells to function properly, and to strengthen bones and teeth. Hypocalcemia describes the condition of too-low blood calcium; it most often results when the body loses too much calcium through urine, or when the bones are not moving enough to the blood.

Phlegm, or sputum, is produced when the lungs are inflamed and excess mucous is produced in the respiratory tract. The medical term for blood in the sputum is hemoptysis.

Blood clots form when your blood vessels are injured, which is part of the healing process and usually desirable, but sometimes the process clogs arteries and veins, forming thrombi. Thrombi are made mostly of a fibrous protein called fibrin, which is difficult to dissolve.

Venipuncture is the process of piercing a vein with a needle to withdraw blood or start an intravenous line for giving medications. Venipuncture is often performed so blood can be tested for a variety of medical reasons and conditions.

Healthy kidneys filter waste product from your blood and send it out of your body via urine. Albumin, a protein normally found in blood, helps move particles through your blood vessels and protects them from leaking fluid into your tissues.

Low-density lipoproteins, or LDL cholesterols, are the molecules that transport cholesterol to your body's tissues through the bloodstream. When large amounts of LDL are inside the blood, your risk for developing atherosclerosis increases.

White blood cells (WBCs) are a type of body cell found in the bloodstream that help fight infection. According to MedlinePlus, WBCs are also called leukocytes and the normal amount found in the bloodstream of a newborn infant is between 4,500 and 10,000 per microliter of blood.

While cholesterol is a necessary component in your body, too much of it can be dangerous, leading to clogged arteries that can cause heart disease, stroke and heart attack. Cholesterol is produced within your body, but the highest dietary source of cholesterol comes from saturated fats.