Sports & Fitness: Performance Training, Rules & Recovery

Elite athletic performance and general fitness are sustained through structured hypertrophy strategies, sport-specific conditioning, and rigorous adherence to injury prevention protocols.

Bodybuilder Training

Elbow Pain After Bench Presses

The bench press is an exercise performed to strengthen the muscles of the chest, arms and shoulders. It can also lead to injury or pain over time. The pain can be the result of improper form, excessive and repetitive use or lifting too much weight.

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Will Pushups Make Your Arms Thinner?

Pushups are an effective upper-body workout that strengthens your chest, shoulders and arms, while also tightening your core. Performing pushups will increase muscle size but won't specifically reduce fat on the arms. To lose fat anywhere on the body, you need to expend more calories than you consume.

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Lump Developed on Lower Leg After Running

Running is a good way to work out the cardiovascular system and the muscles of the leg, but it is also very hard on your joints and bones. Each time your foot strikes the ground when running, it puts pressure equivalent to four to five times your body weight on your legs.

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Does Doing the Bike at the Gym Help?

Riding a stationary bike at the gym can be an effective form of cardiovascular exercise. While it might not typically burn as many calories as riding a bike outdoors, it is easier on the joints and has the advantage of being accessible in any type of weather.

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Bad Side Aches When Running or Walking Briskly

If you are experiencing aches on the side of your abdomen while running or during brisk walking, you are not alone. Fitness Expert Brad Walker of the Stretching Institutes reports an estimated 70 percent of runners experience cramping -- referred to as side stitches -- within a 12-month period.

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Young sportswoman resting after running.

Lack of Sweating During Exercise

Lack of sweating, or anhidrosis, can result from a variety causes, including genetics and certain medical disorders. Sweating is your body's way of cooling itself, and if you can't sweat, you can easily overheat.

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The Treatment for Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

Delayed-onset muscle soreness, or DOMS, is a common cause of pain after a workout. The pain from DOMS can often last for several days, and nothing has been found to consistently prevent it although there are precautions that can be taken.

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Feeling Bloated After a Workout

Feeling bloated after a workout can be discouraging, but there is usually a simple explanation. Most bloating is caused by a relative lack of sodium in the body -- a condition known as hyponatremia -- which leads to water retention.

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Beautiful woman doing crunches on the grass

Why Did My Stomach Get Bigger the Day After I Did Crunches?

Many people work the area around the abdomen by doing crunches or situps expecting to get a flatter stomach, but the opposite is often the case. Working the abdominal muscles with crunches builds the muscle, but crunches alone won't reduce fat in the abdomen -- spot reducing isn't possible.

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Perineal Muscle Exercises for Men

The perineal muscle is really a group of muscles located in an area known as the perineum, which is the triangular area between the coccyx and genitalia. The perineum contains several muscles, fascia and skin and is often referred to as the pelvic floor.

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Outdoor runner

How Much Weight Will I Lose If Run 3 Miles?

Losing weight is a matter of creating a calorie deficit; you need to expend more calories than you consume. The recommended way to do this is through a combination of a low-calorie diet and exercise, of which running can be a vital part.

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Young female athlete with head in hands laughing

Does Muscle Make You Sweat More Than Fat?

Sweating is the body's normal response to overheating. The sweat cools the body by releasing a salty liquid through the sweat glands. There is no direct correlation between the amount of muscle or fat you have, and the amount you sweat, although the heavier you are the more you typically sweat.

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