The fat pad in your knee sits just below your knee cap and provides cushioning and shock absorption between the bones of your knee joint. It is also known as Hoffa’s pad and is one of the most sensitive components of your knee joint.

A heel spur is the result of an abnormal growth of the heel bone. When the plantar fascia pulls away from the heel bone, calcium deposits form and a bony protrusion develops, resulting in pain. Heel spur pain can be extreme especially when standing or walking.

The rotator cuff consists of muscles and tendons that wrap around the head of the upper arm bone, holding it in place within the shoulder joint. The muscles of the rotator cuff include teres minor, the infraspinatus, the supraspinatus and the subscapularis.

Rehabilitation after hip replacement surgery is a gradual process. You’ll begin some strengthening exercises as soon as the day after your replacement to prevent muscle atrophy and promote circulation, but will tackle more strenuous exercises as you heal and gain more strength.

The tendon that runs down the back of your lower leg to your heel is your Achilles tendon. You use your Achilles tendon every time your walk, run, play sports or otherwise move your legs and feet. Overuse or pushing your tight calf muscles too hard can cause injury to the tendon, bringing with it pain and swelling.

Tendinitis is a condition that involves painful inflammation of tendons and surrounding ligaments in the knee, elbow, wrist, hip or ankle. It can be caused by overuse of particular joints, undertraining or poor form during athletic activity, falling, lifting heavy objects or trauma.

The knees are highly prone to injury because they are the primary weight bearing joints in the body. Kneeling down exacerbates the pain of most knee injuries, including inflammation of the quadriceps tendon just below the kneecap.

Arthroscopic knee surgery is a procedure in which a surgeon views the interior of the knee joint with a small camera. Viewing the internal knee structure using this minimally invasive procedure can help a surgeon correctly identify and treat knee joint problems.

The Achilles tendon connects your calf muscles to the biggest bone in your foot, enabling you to walk, run and adjust your footing according to the surface you are on. A pulled or stretched Achilles tendon can cause problems throughout your legs and spine as your body compensates for a dysfunctional lower leg.

Your knee joint supports your body weight, absorbs shock and functions to straighten or bend your lower leg. Unrestricted movement at the knee joint is critical for pain-free walking, squatting and transferring.

Gout is a painful inflammatory condition affecting small joints, particularly the big toe. Gout was called the “rich man’s disease” for generations because it usually affected men who over-indulged in expensive foods, such as organ meats, steak, mushrooms and red wine.

Inversion tables decrease spine pressure, which can benefit the typical user. But they pose health risks for individuals with total knee replacements. These risks are greater than any potential benefit.