Typhoid fever is an infection caused by bacteria called Salmonella typhi. The bacteria are transmitted through consumption of contaminated food and drinks. The antibiotics ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone are generally used to treat this infection. Typhoid fever is rare in the United States.

Shingles, a common name for herpes zoster, results from reactivation of the virus that causes chicken pox within sensory nerve roots of the back and spine.

Dipstick urinalysis is an easy, inexpensive way to see check for certain problems with your bladder and kidneys, as well as some problems with the digestive system.

Fatigue and a low-grade fever commonly occur with a lengthy list of illnesses and conditions. These nonspecific symptoms serve as a general immune system alert, signaling an abnormality somewhere in the body.

Viral meningitis or aseptic meningitis, is relatively mild and patients recover in a few days. Meningitis is an infection of the membranes surrounding the central nervous system and the fluid circulating the spinal cord.

Sinus infections, referred to as sinusitis, are one of the most common reasons why people seek medical treatment. Symptoms include facial pressure and pain, congested and runny nose and sometimes fever. Sinusitis is typically due to either a virus associated with the common cold or a bacterial infection.

Shortness of breath, often described as suffocating or starving for air, is one of the most unpleasant sensations a person can experience. Mayo Clinic physicians list more than two dozen causes. In severe chest congestion, mucus plugs the air passages making it difficult for fresh air to get in.

An infection in a tooth can result from trauma, a complication of tooth decay or as a result of a dead tooth. The infection can be present in the pulp inside the tooth, the bone around the end of the tooth or the gum tissue.

The flu or influenza is an illness caused by a virus that affects the respiratory system. A 16-month-old toddler can get this virus from others who are infected as it is a contagious disease. Young children can develop complications from the flu that can be moderate to serious according to the Mayo Clinic.

The stomach flu which is called gastroenteritis, is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by a virus, bacteria or from a condition such as lactose intolerance.

If your child has croup, she may not feel like eating or drinking. In croup, inflammation in the upper airway, which includes the larynx and trachea, makes breathing difficult. A child with severe croup can't eat at all and needs hospitalization. If your child has mild croup, it's important to keep her hydrated.

Anesthesia may worsen cold symptoms, and having a cold may increase the likelihood of developing breathing-related complications during or after anesthesia.