Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, which is a chemical that carries messages between cells. It’s involved in regulating many everyday activities, including memory, sleep, mood, learning, movement and behavior.

Short-term memory is the ability to store sensory information for relatively short times, ranging from a few minutes to a few days. The main site for storing short-term memories is the hippocampus, a region in the brain's limbic system.

The chemical dopamine is produced naturally in the body and functions as a neurotransmitter, playing a role in the pleasure and reward pathway of the brain as well as in memory and motor control.

Topamax is a drug that is generally used to treat migraines; however, it’s also used for other purposes such as epilepsy, depression and anxiety. It’s important to review the side effects of a medication with your doctor before you start it, so you’re aware of the potential negative outcomes.

Broca’s aphasia is a type of aphasia, a condition resulting from a brain injury to areas responsible for language. Broca’s aphasia results from damage to the frontal lobe from occurrences such as stroke, brain injury or brain tumor. A sufferer of Broca’s aphasia may understand completely the sentences of others.

Brain tumors are abnormal masses in the area of the brain. They may be small or large, grow slow or fast, and be cancerous or benign. Tumors can be found in many different areas of the brain; symptoms are dependent on the location of the tumor and whether it is affecting vital brain structures.

Epithelial cells are specialized cells which line many different kinds of tissue. Columnar epithelial cells are named because they are somewhat rectangular in shape and resemble a column in their orientation.

Your brain is a muscle. To keep it as fit as the rest of your body, you have to exercise it. Brain exercises can be active and physical or passive and mental. Stimulating one hemisphere can further refine your brain-building efforts.

Dopamine is a signaling chemical--a neurotransmitter--that is used by various cells in the body to communicate with one another. The primary places in the body where dopamine is used are in the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and in the blood vessels.

Thirty-one pairs of nerves exit the spinal cord through openings in the vertebral column. These are spinal nerves. There are four main areas of the vertebral spine: the cervical spine, or neck; the thoracic spine, or chest; the lumbar spine, or lower back; and the sacrum, or tailbone.

Fifteen percent of all couples in the United States have problems conceiving due to issues with infertility, according to MayoClinic.com. In about 50 percent of cases, couple infertility is due to sperm quality, including low sperm count, misshapen sperm and decreased sperm motility.

The brain stem, which is located underneath the limbic system, plays a vital role in the basic life functions of breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. Three sections, the midbrain, the pons and the medulla, comprise the brain stem.