What Are the Treatments for a Broken Sternum?
Fractures of the sternum -- the bone that attaches to the first seven ribs to you collar bone -- occur most frequently from blunt trauma. The majority of these fractures are caused by motor vehicle accidents. Treatment of sternal fractures depend on the severity of the break.
The sternum -- commonly known as the breastbone -- is the strong flat bone in the center of the chest. It is attached by short pieces of cartilage to the upper 7 ribs on each side. A broken sternum is usually the result of a powerful blow to the front of the chest. Most sternal fractures are caused by motor vehicle accidents. Treatment of these fractures depends on the severity of the break.
Rest and Ice
Rest and limiting activities may be the only treatments needed for minor breaks or cracks in the sternum. The average recovery time for sternal fractures is about 2 to 3 months, according to a review article published in the "Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock" in April-June 2013. During that time, any movement or activity that makes the pain worse should be avoided, when possible.
Ice may be applied for 20 minutes every 2 to 4 hours for the first 3 days following the fracture. This will help reduce pain and swelling.
Pain Medications
Pain with a sternal fracture typically worsens with breathing, especially when taking a deep breath or coughing. Because of this, people may naturally try to avoid deep breathing or coughing. But this can cause problems, as it increases the possibility of developing pneumonia. Pain may also be caused by other injuries that sometimes accompany a sternal fracture, such as broken ribs.
When the severity of the break is mild to moderate, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve) may be sufficient for pain relief. Because these medications can cause bleeding, they should only be used for a sternal fracture if recommended by a doctor. If NSAIDs fail to provide adequate relief, stronger painkillers, such as opioids, may be prescribed.
Surgery
Occasionally surgery will be necessary if the fracture is severe enough to cause the bone fragments to move out of place -- called a displaced fracture. Surgery may also be considered if breathing is severely affected. During surgery, the bone fragments are typically joined together with steel wires or with a plate secured in place with screws.
Seeking Medical Care
If you are involved in a motor vehicle accident -- no matter how minor -- go to the hospital if you notice any pain in your chest.
As your sternal fracture heals, see your doctor if you develop a fever and cough. These indicate that you may have pneumonia. Seek immediate medical care if you notice shortness of breath, dizziness or fainting, as these suggest that you may also have a serious injury to your lungs or heart.
Reviewed by Mary D. Daley, M.D.