Whey is the liquid that remains during the cheese-making process. Whey powder is made from the filtered and dried liquid. Studies have tested the benefits of whey protein for muscle-building, weight loss and as a dietary supplement to combat diseases, such as diabetes.

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin in the B-complex of vitamins. Most people obtain adequate vitamin B12 from the foods they eat, but some people still choose to supplement, or your doctor may recommend a supplement. Unlike some vitamins, vitamin B12 is measured in micrograms, not milligrams.

Protein powder in itself isn’t bad for your liver and kidneys, but consuming too much of it may cause a strain on these organs. Virginia Uhley, Ph.D., of the University of Michigan points out protein supplements are a viable option for people who can burn or use the extra protein in their diet.

Regular cardiovascular exercise boosts your long-term health -- it lowers blood pressure, promotes weight loss and improves cholesterol levels. These effects, in turn, reduce the risk of heart disease, strokes and heart attacks.

The optimum amount of protein per meal for muscle building -- about 30 grams, according to one study -- is sometimes quoted as the maximum amount you can absorb, but the two are not related.

The health benefits of apples are numerous and well-known. Full of fiber, these vitamin-packed fruits are suggested as part of each meal, helping you to stave off hunger and fill up on low-calorie produce.

When you're supplementing your diet to improve your workouts, you'll want to take your supplements at the time when they'll offer the most benefits. For protein and creatine supplementation, your muscles are most receptive immediately following a workout. Consult your doctor before adding any supplements to your diet.

Proteinuria, or excess amounts of the protein albumin in the urine, indicates kidney damage. Your body needs this protein for various purposes, and normally functioning kidneys are able to keep what the body needs and get rid of what it does not.

Whether you consume too much protein because of an extra-large meal, an excess volume of a protein-dense supplement or a protein-rich food to which you have an adverse reaction, a high protein intake can make you feel nauseated.

When you push through a tough workout, your muscles are constantly challenged, and their fibers begin to break down and sustain damage. The process of repairing and rebuilding those fibers, called muscle protein synthesis, uses amino acids from protein to encourage healthy recovery and muscular growth.

Being sick can wreak havoc on your appetite and your ability to stay properly nourished. But when you're ailing is the most important time to give your body a variety of nutrients and extra calories.

Protein is an essential nutrient that your body can use every day, so you’re not likely to eat so much of it that you’ll experience significant negative effects.