A number of conditions can necessitate vocal cord surgery. Examples of vocal cord surgery are the removal of masses and the repair of scarring that interferes with speech and breathing.

There are several unfavorable effects of scar tissue formation following surgery. According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health or NIH, the body puts down scar tissue after an injury or surgery as a way to heal its wounds.

Patients undergoing surgery are at risk for developing circulatory problems such as hypovolemic shock due to loss of fluids and blood. Patients undergoing major procedures, as well as those in generally poor health, are most at risk for fluid loss.

You should avoid certain foods and dietary supplements before surgery. Some foods leave a residue in your digestive tract that may complicate intestinal surgeries or cause diarrhea. In addition to this, having food in your system may cause nausea and vomiting.

The gastrointestinal system begins with the mouth, esophagus and stomach. The stomach connects to the small intestine which transitions to become the colon, part of the large intestine. Finally, the large intestine terminates as the rectum.

A hernia develops when a portion of the intestine protrudes through a weakened section of the abdominal wall, belly button or groin. If the hernia can't be reduced or pushed back into the abdomen in a doctor's office, an affected patient may require hernia surgery.

Cubital tunnel syndrome occurs as a result of entrapment of the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel in the elbow. This means that the nerve is compressed, causing hand and arm pain that can be debilitating. The precise cause of the entrapment is unknown.

The appendix is a small finger-like pouch located on the intestines near where the small intestine meets the colon. Stool may block the appendix and cause an infection from trapped bacteria. This infection, referred to as appendicitis, requires surgical removal of the organ, referred to as an appendectomy.

During most surgeries, the patient is made unconscious and paralyzed to protect him from pain and damage from involuntary movement. As a result of this paralysis, machines called ventilators must take over the work of breathing for the patient.

Surgery can lead to tissue damage due to incisions, tissue movement or other manipulation that can occur during a procedure. Any incision can potentially damage your nerves, causing numbness or other nerve defects after surgery.

Your body uses 13 vitamins — A, C, D, E, K and the B vitamins — to keep healthy. A balanced diet will supply most of these, and your body manufactures the others. Many people also take a daily multiple vitamin or specific vitamin supplements.

Millions of people, both male and female, undergo cosmetic surgery, also called plastic surgery, every year. Modern plastic surgeons can alter almost any aspect of physical appearance, from facial features to body shape.