Puberty in men and women is due in part by the production and release of testosterone. Contrary to popular belief, this hormone is also produced by women, yet men produce significantly more testosterone than women.

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland, also known as a thyroidectomy, is typically performed to treat an overactive thyroid or thyroid tumors. This procedure is generally safe, but, as with any surgical procedure, complications may occur.

Progesterone is commonly associated with many processes occurring in the female body.

Synthroid, or levothyroxine, is a medication commonly prescribed to treat hypothyroidism, or the low production of thyroid hormone, states MayoClinic.com. Synthroid is identical to thyroid hormone produced by the human thyroid gland, thus, mimicking its effects.

Estrogen is one of the primary female sex hormones. Normally, estrogen is in balance with the other primary sex hormone, progesterone. When the body has too much estrogen, from overproduction of estrogen or lack of progesterone, it enters a state referred to as "estrogen dominance."

Cortisol, also known as "the stress hormone," is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, usually released in times of stress.

Cortisol is a stress hormone released by the adrenal glands during a fight-or-flight emergency situation. It is responsible for several functions in the body including blood pressure regulation, glucose utilization and anti-inflammatory properties.

The adrenal glands, also known as the suprarenal glands, are small hormone-producing organs located just above each kidney. The adrenal glands produce several hormones, including adrenalin, cortisol and aldosterone. Adrenal gland enlargement is most commonly detected with diagnostic imaging tests, such as a CT scan.

The human body requires three types of macronutrients – those nutrients needed in large amounts, including carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Although all macromolecules consist of oxygen, hydrogen and carbon, the amino acids that make up proteins contain between 15 and 25 percent nitrogen and some contain sulfur.

Prempro is a combination of conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone, used as hormone replacement therapy. It is approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat the symptoms of menopause and for osteoporosis treatment in postmenopausal women.

Hormone imbalance leads to a variety of health conditions, including increased risk for certain cancers.

Athletes and bodybuilders often turn to sports supplements for improved results. Testosterone boosters are supplements that may help athletes build increased muscle mass and strength.